垩白是水稻育种中最重要的农艺性状之一，直接影响稻米的品质。本研究利用化学诱变剂MNU处理韩国粳稻品种Hwacheong（HC），获得一个稳定遗传的垩白突变体chalk-h。与野生型HC相比，chalk-h突变体籽粒表现出垩白特性，叶片呈黄绿色，株高降低。扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明，chalk-h突变体淀粉粒大小不规则、排列松散、颗粒间间隙大、呈椭圆形或圆形。MutMap分析显示，chalk-h突变体的垩白表型由编码seryl-tRNA合成酶的单隐性基因LOC_Os11g39670控制，该基因被重新命名为CHALK-H。在chalk-h突变体中CHALK-H基因的第6外显子(第791核苷酸)发生点突变，其腺嘌呤(A)被胸腺嘧啶(T)取代，导致氨基酸密码子由谷氨酰胺(Glu)变为缬氨酸(Val)。chalk-h突变体从三叶期开始表现为黄绿色叶片、色素含量降低等热敏表型。与野生型HC相比，chalk-h突变体在不同灌浆期淀粉合成相关基因的转录表达下调，随着温度的升高，chalk-h突变体中光合相关基因的表达下调。将CHALK-H基因过量表达于chalk-h突变体，其垩白胚乳和黄绿叶片颜色恢复为野生型。研究结果表明，CHALK-H控制稻米垩白和叶片颜色。CHALK-H是已报道参与高温下叶绿体发育相关基因TSCD11的等位基因。我们认为，CHALK-H/TSCD11在水稻生长发育过程中不仅参与叶绿体发育，而且参与光合作用和淀粉合成，在水稻优质高产育种中具有广阔的应用前景。

在东北地区，鳞翅目害虫二化螟严重影响水稻产量和品质。本研究利用农杆菌介导法，将Bt抗虫基因cry1C导入到东北粳稻品种吉粳88。利用分子检测和抗Basta发芽试验，从126个转cry1C基因独立转化体中筛选出16个单拷贝纯合转基因株系。通过对cry1C蛋白水平、抗虫性和农艺性状的评价，最终获得4个高抗二化螟且产量高于非转基因对照品种的cry1C转基因株系，JL16、JL23、JL41和JL42。T-DNA侧翼序列分析结果表明，在转基因株系JL42中cry1C基因插入到第11号染色体基因间区，可推测未发生位置效应。本研究培育出4个抗二化螟转基因粳稻品系，为水稻抗虫育种提供了理论基础与新种质资源。

A synthetic cry2A* gene encoding Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) δ-endotoxin that resistance to lepidopteran pest was transformed into japonica rice variety Jijing 88, which is the most widely cultivated variety in Jilin Province, Northeast China, by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of 106 independent transformants overexpressing cry2A* gene driven by ubiquitin (Ubi) promoter was produced. Three single-copy homozygous transgenic lines were finally selected based on the results of PCR analysis, segregation ratio of Basta resistance, and Southern hybridization analyses. RT-PCR and enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that cry2A* transcripts and protein were highly expressed in these lines. The high level of Cry2A* protein expression resulted in high resistance to rice striped stem borer as evidenced by insect feeding bioassays. Our results demonstrate that cry2A* transgenic japonica rice confers resistance to the rice striped stem borer in the laboratory conditions.