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1. JIA-2022-0672 优化缓释肥施用量通过影响淀粉理化特性改善莲藕品质

ZHAO Shu-ping, DENG Kang-ming, ZHU Ya-mei, JIANG Tao, WU Peng, FENG Kai, LI Liang-jun

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023, 22 (4): 1045-1057. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.01.005

摘要（233）

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为了实现高产优质、环境成本低的双重目标，缓释肥作为新型肥料取代传统氮肥被广泛应用于莲藕栽培。然而，优化的缓释肥施用量如何改善莲藕品质的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在研究6个缓释肥水平（CK、S1、S2、S3、S4、S5）下对莲藕的光合特性和淀粉合成、积累和理化性质的影响。与CK（0 kg∙ha^-1 SRF）相比，缓释肥处理下莲藕叶片的Pn和SPAD值保持较高水平。进一步研究表明，缓释肥提高了莲藕产量、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉含量和淀粉粒数量。在6个缓释肥水平中，S3（1035 kg∙ha^-1 SRF）与CK相比差异最大，并保持在最高水平。随着缓释肥水平的升高，峰值、热浆和最终粘度先降低，后增加，但消减值和糊化温度升高。为了在分子水平上解释这一变化，我们分析了淀粉积累相关酶的活性和淀粉积累相关酶基因的相对表达量，结果表明缓释肥处理下均增加，特别是S3处理下增加最多。总体来说，缓释肥，特别是S3（1035kg∙ha^-1 SRF）作为莲藕种植的适宜肥料比，可以通过影响淀粉积累相关酶和基因来提高莲藕品质。这些结果将有助于低环境成本的优质莲藕的生产。

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2. Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie, Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker)

SU Hong-hua, JIANG Tao, SUN Yu, GU Hui-jie, WU Jiao-jiao, YANG Yi-zhong

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020, 19 (7): 1842-1849. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63162-8

摘要（125）

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Three transgenic maize events (IE09S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1Ie, Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09S034 had insecticidal activity against 1st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3rd–6th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1st–5th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3rd and 4th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1st–5th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1st–3rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4th–6th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.

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3. Cloning and Characterization of a Salt Tolerance-Associated Gene Encoding Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase in Sweetpotato

JIANG Tao, ZHAI Hong, WANG Fei-bing, ZHOU Hua-nan, SI Zeng-zhi, HE Shao-zhen , LIU Qing-chang

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014, 13 (8): 1651-1661. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60534-1

摘要（1466）

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Trehalose plays an important role in metabolic regulation and abiotic stress tolerance in a variety of organisms. In plants, its biosynthesis is catalyzed by two key enzymes: trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). In the present study, a TPS gene, named IbTPS, was first isolated from sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cv. Lushu 3 by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The open reading frame (ORF) contained 2 580 nucleotides encoding 859 amino acids with a molecular weight of 97.433 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.7. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high identities with TPS of other plants. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of IbTPS gene was significantly higher in stems of Lushu 3 than in its leaves and roots. Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermal cells indicated that IbTPS gene was located in the nucleus. Transgenic tobacco (cv. Wisconsin 38) plants over-expressing IbTPS gene exhibited significantly higher salt tolerance compared with the control plant. Trehalose and proline content was found to be significantly more accumulated in transgenic tobacco plants than in the wild-type and several stress tolerance related genes were up-regulated. These results suggest that IbTPS gene may enhance salt tolerance of plants by increasing the amount of treahalose and proline and regulating the expression of stress tolerance related genes.

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