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1. Beneficial rhizobacterium provides positive plant–soil feedback effects to Ageratina adenophora

SUN Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Qiu-xin, ZHAO Yun-peng, DIAO Yue-hui, GUI Fu-rong, YANG Guo-qing

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20 (5): 1327-1335. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63234-8

摘要（123）

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根际微生物群落在促进或抑制外来物种的建立中起重要作用。入侵植物与土壤微生物群落(如根际细菌)的相互作用，会导致土壤微生物群落发生变化，因而影响外来植物与本地植物之间的竞争关系。紫茎泽兰是我国一种危害严重的外来入侵杂草。已有研究证实，紫茎泽兰入侵后会影响根际土壤微生物群落结构，并形成对它自身生长的正反馈效应，但这其中的内在机制还有待深入探究。前期调查发现，紫茎泽兰重度入侵地区的根际土壤中一种有益菌蜡样芽孢杆菌的含量明显高于轻度入侵地区的。因此，本研究从促进植物根际有益微生物增长及其反馈效应的角度，拟揭示紫茎泽兰入侵扩张的根际有益菌作用机制。研究比较了紫茎泽兰不同入侵程度土壤中蜡样芽孢杆菌的含量，检测了紫茎泽兰根系分泌物对蜡样芽孢杆菌生长和土壤特性的影响，还对比分析了蜡样芽孢杆菌处理对紫茎泽兰生长的反馈作用。结果表明：蜡样芽孢杆菌的含量随紫茎泽兰入侵程度的加深而明显增加，入侵土壤中的菌含量几乎达到了非入侵土壤的两倍。紫茎泽兰根系分泌物处理其根际土壤后，蜡样芽孢杆菌的含量在1天后随时间延长明显增加，最高达近两倍，且土壤营养成分含量也发生了明显变化，如铵态氮和有效磷含量相比于对照分别增加了41%和27%。土壤中添加蜡样芽孢杆菌不同程度地促进紫茎泽兰根际两种主要化感物质泽兰二酮和羟基泽兰酮的降解，其中泽兰二酮的浓度在处理后的48、72、96 h分别比灭菌土壤中的浓度低338%，356%和723%；并且在该处理的土壤中，紫茎泽兰的发芽率显著提高了50%，根长增加了117%，苗长增加了48%，鲜重增加了81%，而本地其他植物的生长变化不大。这些结果说明蜡样芽孢杆菌对紫茎泽兰生长具有偏利作用，同时可促进化感物质的降解以削弱紫茎泽兰的自毒作用，为根际聚集有益菌介导的外来植物入侵扩张的理论提供了科学依据。

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2.

Potato/Maize intercropping reduces infestation of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) by the enhancement of natural enemies

ZHENG Ya-qiang, ZHANG Li-min, CHEN Bin, YAN Nai-sheng, GUI Fu-rong, ZAN Qing-an, DU Guang-zu, HE Shu-qi, LI Zheng-yue, GAO Yu-lin, XIAO Guan-li

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020, 19 (2): 394-405. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62699-7

摘要（150）

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The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most economically significant insect pests for potato in both field and storage worldwide. To evaluate the infestation, reduction of potato yield and the control efficacy for PTM, field tests were conducted in two seasons by intercropping of potato as the host plant with maize as a non-host plant of PTM. Three intercropping patterns were tested, which were 2 rows of potatoes with either 2, 3, or 4 rows of maize (abbreviated 2P:2M, 2P:3M, and 2P:4M), and the monocropped potato as the control, 2 rows of potatoes, without maize, (abbreviated 2P:0M). Results showed that the population and infestation of PTM in the 2P:3M intercropping pattern was significantly lower than those in 2P:2M, 2P:4M and the monocropping pattern of 2P:0M, due to the enhancement of natural enemies. Cumulative mines and tunneling in potato leaves in 2P:3M intercropping were significantly lower than those in 2P:2M and 2P:4M patterns. The population of parasitoids and the parasitism rate of PTM in intercropping pattern of 2P:3M were significantly higher than that in intercropping pattern of 2P:2M, 2P:4M and monocropping pattern of 2P:0M. We conclude that the potato intercropped with maize reduced the adult and larva populations, and reduced the damage from PTM by enhancing the number of parasitoids and the level of parasitism. The greatest population density of parasitoids and parasitism rate were in the intercropping pattern of 2 rows of potatoes with 3 rows of maize. These data indicate that the host/non-host intercropping patterns can be used as a biological control tactic against PTM by enhancing the density of natural enemies in the agro-ecosystems.

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3. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene Family of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

LIU Yi-peng, LIN Ke-jian, LIU Yang, GUI Fu-rong, WANG Gui-rong

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013, 12 (11): 2083-2091. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60505-5

摘要（1253）

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The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) are cholinergic receptors that form ligand-gated ion channels by five subunits in insect and vertebrate nervous systems. The insect nAChR is the molecular target of a class of insecticides, neonicotinoids. Here, we identified and cloned 11 candidate nAChR subunit genes in Acyrthosiphon pisum using genome-based bioinformatics combined modern molecular techniques. Most A. pisum nAChRs including α1, α2, α3, α4, α6, α8, and β1 show highly sequence identities with the counterparts of other insects examined. Expression profiles analysis showed that all subunit genes were expressed in adult head. At least two subunits have alternative splicing that obviously increase A. pisum nicotinic receptor diversity. This study will be invaluable for exploring the molecular mechanisms of neonicotinoid-like insecticides in sucking pests, and for ultimately establishing the screening platform of novel insecticides.

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