甘薯小象甲是甘薯上危害最为严重的世界性害虫，对生态环境和社会经济遭受巨大损失。为提高甘薯小象甲综合防治的效果和深入理解其遗传进化机制，我们对甘薯小象甲功能基因组学进行了的深入研究。利用 Illumina 和 PacBio技术，对单对交配15代的甘薯小象甲进行测序。获得了甘薯小象甲成虫染色体水平的基因组，基因组大小为338.84Mb，Contig N50 和 Scaffold N50 分别为 14.97 Mb和34.23 Mb。预测重复序列为 157.51 Mb和 11907 个编码蛋白质基因。共有 337.06 Mb长度的基因组序列被定位到 11 条染色体上，其中能够确定顺序和方向的序列长度为 333.79 Mb，占定位到染色体上总序列长度的 99.03 %。比较基因组学分析表明，甘薯小象甲和中欧山松大小蠹亲缘关系较近，约 1.38 亿年前从中欧山松大小蠹的祖先分化而来。许多重要的基因家族在甘薯小象甲基因组中得到了扩张，包括农药解毒、耐冷应激和化学感觉系统相关基因家族。为了进一步解析气味结合蛋白在甘薯小象甲嗅觉识别过程中的作用，竞争性结合分析结果表明，CforOBP4-6对性信息素及其他配体具有很强的结合亲和力。高质量的甘薯小象甲基因组图谱为揭示其分子生态学基础、群体遗传和适应性进化机制及绿色有效防控的新方法和新技术提供了坚实的基础。

Gayal is a rare semi-wild bovine species found in the Indo-China. They can graze grasses, including bamboo leaves, as well as reeds and other plant species, and grow to higher mature live weights than Yunnan Yellow cattle maintained in similar harsh environments. The aim of this study was to identify specific cellulase in the gayal rumen. A metagenomic fosmid library was constructed using genomic DNA isolated from the ruminal contents of four adult gayals. This library contained 38 400 clones with an average insert size of 35.5 kb. The Umcel-1 gene was isolated from this library. Investigation of the cellulase activity of 24 random clones led to the identification of the Umcel-1 gene, which exhibited the most potent cellulase activity. Sequencing the Umcel-1 gene revealed that it contained an open reading frame of 942 base pairs that encoded a product of 313 amino acids. The putative gene Umcel-1 product belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 5 and showed the highest homology to the cellulase (GenBank accession no. YP_004310852.1) from Clostridium lentocellum DSM 5427, with 44% identity and 62% similarity. The Umcel-1 gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, and recombinant Umcel-1 was purified. The activity of purified recombinant Umcel-1 was assessed, and the results revealed that it hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose with optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 45°C. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence for a cellulase produced by bacteria in gayal rumen.