稻田生态系统服务以及其多功能性价值对地球生命支持系统的功能有着极其重要的作用。我们估算了近30年（1980-2014）来中国稻田生态系统服务价值（ESV）。结果表明，在此期间中国稻田生态系统服务价值总量呈现波动上升趋势。其中，固碳价值所占比重最高，其次是控温和温室气体价值。不同稻区稻田生态服务价值强度存在显著差异。南方水旱轮作区和双季稻区的单位产量生态服务价值强度相近，均显著高于东北一季稻区和西南稻区。近30年（1980-2014）来，除广西、浙江、福建、广东四省（自治区）外，其他省份生态服务价值总量均有不同程度增加。这些结果表明，我国稻田生态服务价值的总量、结构和强度存在显著的时空差异性，相关研究可进一步指导适合我国水稻绿色生产技术的开发和应用。

The importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agricultural soils as climate-change-mitigating strategy has become an area of focus by the scientific community in relation to soil management. This study was conducted to determine the temporal effect of different tillage systems and residue management on distribution, storage and stratification of SOC, and the yield of rice under double rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system in the southern China. A tillage experiment was conducted in the southern China during 2005–2011, including plow tillage with residue removed (PT0), plow tillage with residue retention (PT), rotary tillage with residue retention (RT), and no-till with residue retention on the surface (NT). The soil samples were obtained at the harvesting of late rice in October of 2005, 2007 and 2011. Multiple-year residue return application significantly increased rice yields for the two rice-cropping systems; yields of early and late rice were higher under RT than those under other tillage systems in both years in 2011. Compared with PT0, SOC stocks were increased in soil under NT at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths by 33.8, 4.1, 6.6, and 53.3%, respectively, in 2011. SOC stocks under RT were higher than these under other tillage treatments at 0–30 cm depth. SOC stocks in soil under PT were higher than those under PT0 in the 0–5 and 20–30 cm soil layers. Therefore, crop residues played an important role in SOC management, and improvement of soil quality. In the 0–20 cm layer, the stratification ratio (SR) of SOC followed the order NT>RT>PT>PT0; when the 0–30 cm layer was considered, NT also had the highest SR of SOC, but the SR of SOC under PT was higher than that under RT with a multiple-year tillage practice. Therefore, the notion that conservation tillage lead to higher SOC stocks and soil quality than plowed systems requires cautious scrutiny. Nevertheless, some benefits associated with RT system present a greater potential for its adoption in view of the multiple-year environmental sustainability under double rice cropping system in the southern China.