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1. JIA-2022-0082 玉米大斑病菌转录调控次级代谢和细胞自噬应激DNA损伤胁迫反应
MENG Ya-nan, ZHANG Xin-jie, ZENG Fan-li, ZHAI Wei-bo, LI Pan, HU Jing-jing, XIAO Sheng-lin, HAO Zhi-min, CAO Zhi-yan, CHEN Chuan, DONG Jin-gao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (4): 1068-1081.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.002
摘要227)      PDF    收藏

玉米作为我国第一大粮食作物,可用于人类食品、动物饲料,工业燃料等领域,是重要的经济和粮食作物。玉米大斑病菌(Setosphaeria turcica)引发的玉米大斑病(Northern corn leaf blight NCLB)是严重威胁玉米粮食安全的重要植物病原真菌。该病菌在侵染过程中需要借助于特殊的侵染结构-附着胞。利用膨压和物理机械力穿透寄主植物表皮,完成其侵染过程。虽然,实验室前期已经证实玉米大斑病菌在应对基因损伤胁迫时,通过激活ATR介导的S期检验点,关闭附着胞介导的侵染寄主的能力,同时促进黑色素合成进行自我保护。但是,在响应DNA损伤应激反应中是否还存在其他的调控途径尚未明确。为解析该调控过程,本研究利用DNA损伤药物羟基脲(HU)处理玉米大斑病菌分生孢子并进行转录组测序。通过对转录组数据中显著差异基因进行注释聚类分析,qPCR表达模式分析,经典分子生物学验证以及生物信息学分析,最终鉴定到一些列基因参与DNA损伤应激反应。结果显示,玉米大斑病菌在应对DNA损伤胁迫时,大量次级代谢和黑色素生物合成相关基因在附着胞形成过程中被阻断。次级代谢生物合成基因包括醇脱氢酶类、多铜氧化酶、ABC蛋白转运家族、细胞色素P450和含FAD结构域的单加氧酶等植物病原体感染有关的基因。此外,研究发现一系列细胞自噬基因在HU处理后显著上调。其中包括StATG3StATG4StATG5StATG7StATG16等细胞自噬基因。并且研究结果表明该细胞自噬调控途径受到ATR介导的S期检查点调控。因此,本研究首次提出玉米大斑病菌在应对基因损伤胁迫时,关闭附着胞侵染寄主的能力,同时激活ATR介导的S期检验点促进细胞自噬的发生,这可能是除黑色素外的另一种自我保护机制,并且该调控过程在进化过程中是保守的。

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2. JIA-2021-1102 漆酶基因StLAC6缺失导致玉米大斑病菌过氧化物酶体异常和药剂敏感性增加
LIU Ning, ZHANG Qian-qian, JIA Hui, ZHAO Bin, ZHU Zi-ping , CAO Zhi-yan, DONG Jin-gao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2019-2030.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63855-8
摘要312)      PDF    收藏

前期研究表明,在玉米大斑病菌中存在9个漆酶样多铜氧化酶,其中漆酶基因StLAC2敲除导致黑色素含量降低,不能产生分生孢子,直接影响侵染能力。为进一步研究漆酶基因家族基因在生物学功能上的差异,本文利用同源重组技术创制StLAC6基因敲除突变体并对其对玉米大斑病菌生长发育、致病、杀菌剂抗性等方面的作用进行研究。结果表明通过同源重组技术成功创制了2株StLAC6基因敲除突变体,分析发现StLAC6基因缺失后对玉米大斑病菌的生长、菌丝形态和侵染能力没有显著影响,而且突变体细胞壁及细胞膜功能均正常。进一步对其超微结构进行分析发现,StLAC6基因敲除突变体菌丝中的过氧化物酶体形态异常,影响了菌丝内脂滴合成,同时敲除突变体中的酚类化合物和黑色素的合成增加。通过比较野生型和突变体的EC50值,发现StLAC6敲除导致病菌对嘧菌环胺、三环唑、吡唑醚菌酯等多种常见杀菌剂的敏感性增加,表明漆酶参与了玉米大斑病菌对杀菌剂的抗性。为了明确漆酶基因家族成员的关系,对StLAC6敲除突变体中其他漆酶基因的表达进行分析,发现StLAC1等多个玉米大斑病菌漆酶基因的表达水平发生了显着变化,说明漆酶基因家族成员间存在功能互补。本文为研究植物病原真菌中漆酶基因家族的功能和相互关系提供了新的见解


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3. Melanin, DNA replication, and autophagy affect appressorium development in Setosphaeria turcica by regulating glycerol accumulation and metabolism
GUO Xiao-yue, LIU Ning, LIU Bing-hui, ZHOU Li-hong, CAO Zhi-yan, HAN Jian-min, DONG Jin-gao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 762-773.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63679-1
摘要186)      PDF    收藏

玉米大斑病是世界玉米产区主要的真菌病害之一,引起该病害的真菌为玉米大斑病菌(Setosphaeria turcica),为异宗配合真菌,其无性态为玉米大斑凸脐孺孢(Exserohilum turcicum)。玉米大斑病菌分生孢子萌发后形成高度特化的侵染结构—黑化的附着胞。附着胞通过产生高膨压来穿透植物表皮,其中甘油是产生膨压的主要来源。本研究分析了附着胞侵染玉米叶片的位置,发现大多数萌发的分生孢子通过直接穿透表皮细胞进入叶片内部,无论是通过表皮细胞还是气孔侵染玉米叶片,附着胞都是侵染所必需的。为了进一步确定影响附着胞发育的关键因素,我们分析了黑色素抑制剂(三环唑,TCZ)、DNA复制抑制剂(羟基脲,HU)和自噬抑制剂(3-甲基腺嘌呤,3-MA)等对附着胞膨压和甘油含量的影响。结果表明,在对照和抑制剂处理下,附着胞膨压和甘油浓度在附着胞成熟阶段均达到最高水平,三种抑制剂在附着胞成熟阶段对附着胞膨压的影响最大,糖原和脂质体是产生甘油的主要物质。研究发现,在附着胞的发育过程中,抑制剂会影响糖原和脂质体在分生孢子、芽管和附着胞中的分布。黑色素、DNA复制和自噬通过调节甘油积累和代谢影响玉米大斑病菌附着胞的发育,该研究可为附着胞膨压和甘油含量之间的关系提供新的见解。


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4. MAP kinase gene STK1 is required for hyphal, conidial, and appressorial development, toxin biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and hypertonic stress response in the plant pathogenic fungus Setosphaeria turcica
LI Po, GONG Xiao-dong, JIA Hui, FAN Yong-shan, ZHANG Yun-feng, CAO Zhi-yan, HAO Zhi-min, HAN Jian-min, GU Shou-qin, DONG Jin-gao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (12): 2786-2794.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61472-7
摘要1188)      PDF    收藏
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a key signal transduction component in the MAPK cascade pathway, regulates a variety of physiological activities in eukaryotes.  However, little is known of the role MAPK plays in phytopathogenic fungi.  In this research, we cloned the MAPK gene STK1 from the northern corn leaf blight pathogen Setosphaeria turcica and found that the gene shared high homology with the high osmolality glycerol (HOG) MAPK gene HOG1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  In addition, gene knockout technology was employed to investigate the function of STK1.  Gene knockout mutants (KOs) were found to have altered hyphae morphology and no conidiogenesis, though they did show similar radial growth rate compared to the wild-type strain (WT).  Furthermore, microscope observations indicated that STK1 KOs did not form normal appressoria at 48 h post-inoculation on a hydrophobic surface.  STK1 KOs had reduced virulence, a significantly altered Helminthosporium turcicum (HT)-toxin composition, and diminished pathogenicity on the leaves of susceptible inbred corn OH43.  Mycelium morphology appeared to be significantly swollen and the radial growth rates of STK1 KOs declined in comparison with WT under high osmotic stress.  These results suggested that STK1 affects the hyphae development, conidiogenesis, and pathogenicity of S. turcica by regulating appressorium development and HT-toxin biosynthesis.  Moreover, the gene appears to be involved in the hypertonic stress response in S. turcica.
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5. Isolation and Structural Speculation of Herbicide-Active Compounds from the Metabolites of Pythium aphanidermatum
ZHANG Li-hui, ZHANG Jin-lin, LIU Ying-chao, CAO Zhi-yan, HAN Jian-min, YANG Juan , DONG Jingao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (6): 1026-1032.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60295-6
摘要1219)      PDF    收藏
Natural herbicides, or environment-friendly bioherbicides have been attracted more and more attentions. Isolation and structural identification of natural herbicide-active compounds from plant pathogens has been proved to be an effective approach for novel lead discovery of the pesticide development. In this study, the metabolites of the mutant strain PAM1, which obtained from PA1 of Pythium aphanidermatum (Eds.) Fitzp by ultraviolet radiation were separated and identified by HPLC, NMR, and IR. The results revealed that three active compounds including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and two indole derivatives, exhibited inhibition activity on the elongation of radical and coleoptile of Digtaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
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