水稻种植区域广以及播种期不一等原因引起的生长季温度不适宜，导致了水稻产量和品质的降低。本研究目的是评估不同物候期温度对水稻产量及品质的影响，以获得长江流域水稻不同物候期适宜温度范围。因此，本研究以区域性品种为研究对象，在长江流域不同生态区开展播期试验,观测比较水稻生育进程、产量和品质的差异。结果表明不同播期以及不同生态区，水稻生育进程、产量和品质具有显著性差异，而这恰好与营养生长期（VT）及前20天灌浆期日平均温度（GT20）显著相关。此外，与VT和GT20相比，水稻幼穗分化期温度（RT）变化差异相对较小。因此，根据不同产量和品质的VT和GT20阈值，将本研究试验结果划分为4种情景（Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, 和 Ⅳ）。其中，情景Ⅰ可获得高的整精米产量和稻米品质；与情景Ⅰ相比，情景Ⅲ和 Ⅳ的整精米产量下降了30.1%和27.6%；情景Ⅱ整精米产量增加不显著，但是其垩白粒率和垩白度要比情景Ⅰ分别高出50.6%和56.3%。综上所述，情景Ⅰ下的VT和GT20组合方式（22.8℃<VT<23.9℃和24.2℃<GT20<27.0℃或3.9℃<VT<25.3℃和4.2℃<GT20<24.9℃），可用于指导长江流域水稻播期调整和水稻适宜品种的选取，以提高该区域的水稻产量和品质。

Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola and Monilia yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China.  Up to date, these species have been identified from peach and plum, and M. mumecola has also been reported on apricot recently.  To investigate whether M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis can cause brown rot disease on apricot in China, 37 isolates were collected from four orchards in Chongqing and Beijing municipalities in 2014.  These isolates were divided into two phenotypes according to their distinct colony appearances.  Two representative isolates of each phenotype and reference species of M. mumecola from apricot were selected for further analysis.  Based on the morphological characterization and molecular identification,  the two phenotypes of isolates were identified as M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis, respectively. 

Efficient N fertilizer management is critical for the economic production of rice and the long-term protection of environmental quality. A field experiment was designed to study the effects of N fertilizer management practices on grain yield and N uptake of rice. The experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design with four replications in Central China during 2008 and 2009. Five N treatments denoted as N0, N150A, N150B, N240A, and N240B, respectively, were studied. N0 represented no N application and served as a control, N150A and N150B indicated the total N application of 150 kg N ha-1 but with two different application schedules (A and B) across the early stage of rice growth. Schedule A was applied as follows: 40% basal, 30% at 10 d after transplanting (DAT) and 30% at 36 DAT (nearly at the panicle initiation stage), while schedule B was as follows: 30% at basal, 20% at 10 DAT, and 50% at 36 DAT. Similarly, N240A and N240B indicated the total N application of 240 kg N ha-1 with schedules A and B as described above. To quantify N uptake from fertilizer and soil, a 15N experiment was also conducted within the main experimental field, with micro-plots. Grain yields were significantly increased as N rates increased from 0 to 240 kg N ha-1. At the same rate, splitting N application as schedule B significantly increased the grain yield, spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grain, and 1 000-grain weight, compared with the N application according to schedule A. Mean rice recovery of N fertilizer by 15N tracing method ranged from 25.39% at N240A to 34.89% at N150B, however, N fertilizer residual rate in the soil ranged from 12.40% at N240A to 16.61% at N150B. About 31.5 and 28.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from basal fertilizer was absorbed at panicle initiation and heading stages, respectively. However, 65.6-92.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from topdressing fertilizer was absorbed at the heading stage. Based on yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency, splitting N application according to schedule B at the rate of 240 kg N ha-1 will be more profitable among the tested five N treatments in Central China.