Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 3917-3920.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2026.04.038

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籼稻与粳稻苗期耐旱性分化的表型、生理及遗传基础研究

  

  • 收稿日期:2026-01-06 修回日期:2026-04-28 接受日期:2026-04-01 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-08-11

Comprehensive phenotypic, physiological, and genetic analyses reveal stronger seedling-stage drought tolerance in xian/indica than geng/japonica rice

La Geng1, Wei Yang1, Mengxi Li1, Yaozhou Long1, Wu Feng1, Jing Wang, Yi Zhang1, Fan Zhang2#, Liyu Huang1#   

  1. 1 School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China

    2 State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

  • Received:2026-01-06 Revised:2026-04-28 Accepted:2026-04-01 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-08-11
  • About author:#Correspondence Liyu Huang, E-mail: lyhuang@ynu.edu.cn; Fan Zhang, E-mail: zhangfan03@caas.cn
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272079), the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China (S2026QZ23 and Y2025YC13), the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects, China (202601BC070003 and 202601CI070132), the Yunnan Provincial Education Department, China (2026J0001), and the Yunnan University Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, China (National level, 202510673003).

摘要:

干旱是限制水稻生产的主要非生物胁迫之一,严重威胁全球粮食安全。籼稻和粳稻作为亚洲栽培稻的两个亚种,在长期驯化过程中形成了对不同生态环境的适应性分化。籼稻主要分布于低纬度热带和亚热带地区,具有较强的高温适应能力,因而在耐旱性方面较粳稻可能具有潜在优势。然而,目前针对籼粳亚种间耐旱性差异的研究仍较为匮乏,其遗传基础尚不清晰。本研究基于292份水稻种质资源材料(含籼稻144份、粳稻148份),通过系统评价其在干旱胁迫下的表型和生理响应,证明了籼稻的苗期耐旱性显著强于粳稻,具体表现为较晚的叶片卷曲和较高的存活率,并且多项生理指标优于粳稻。基于253个已报道抗旱相关基因的群体分化与单倍型分析,发现74个基因在籼粳亚种间存在显著遗传分化,其中37个基因具有耐旱优势单倍型,并且多数耐旱优异等位基因通过在籼稻中较高的表达水平贡献了较强的耐旱性。本研究从表型、生理及遗传层面揭示了籼稻与粳稻苗期耐旱性差异的遗传和分子基础,为深入解析水稻亚种间抗旱性分化机制提供了新证据,并为水稻抗旱和耐高温协同遗传改良提供了理论参考。