Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (7): 2796-2811.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.031

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通过优化夏玉米秸秆还田量和施氮量增加小麦-玉米系统的土壤有机质和氮素利用并减少N2O排放

  

  • 收稿日期:2024-09-20 修回日期:2025-02-19 接受日期:2025-01-26 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-06-09

Increasing soil organic matter and nitrogen use by optimizing summer maize straw return and nitrogen fertilizer rates minimize N2O emissions in a wheat–maize system

Hongxing Li1, Fei Gao2, Lei Wang1, Alam Sher1, Baizhao Ren1, Bin Zhao1, Peng Liu1, Jiwang Zhang1#   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China

    2 College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China

  • Received:2024-09-20 Revised:2025-02-19 Accepted:2025-01-26 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-06-09
  • About author:#Correspondence Jiwang Zhang, Tel: +86-538-8241485, Fax: +86-538-8242226, E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172115).

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摘要：

玉米秸秆还田和施用氮肥对土壤质量和作物产量的影响已得到广泛研究。然而，不同玉米秸秆还田量和氮肥施用量对土壤-作物系统的土壤质量、氮循环功能微生物数量、N2O排放和作物氮营养状况的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究的目的是评估不同夏玉米秸秆还田量和施氮量对以下方面的影响：i) 土壤质量和作物产量；ii) 氮循环功能微生物群落和N2O排放；iii) 作物氮营养状况。结果表明，在施氮量为210 kg hm2时，秸秆全量还田（SN）和秸秆半量还田（1/2SN）处理的产量比不还田处理（CK）显著提高了7.62%-12.69%。秸秆全量还田后减施15%氮肥处理（S-15%N，施用量178.5 kg hm2）与SN处理的产量无显著差异。与其他处理相比，SN、1/2SN和S-15%N处理的表层土壤（0-20 cm）有机质（SOM）水平、氮循环功能微生物群落、作物氮营养状况和氮吸收效率显著增加。与SN相比，S-15%N和1/2SN的累积N2O排放通量分别显著减少19.11%和5.51%。此外，与SN相比，S-15%N和1/2SN的氮营养指数（NNI）更接近作物临界氮需求量。总之，与SN相比，基于SOM、NNI、累积N2O排放通量和产量的最佳秸秆还田量和施氮量（1/2SN和S-15%N）决策方案可应用于中国冬小麦-夏玉米周年生产。

Abstract:

The effects of maize straw return and N fertilizer application on soil quality and crop yield have been extensively investigated.  However, the effects of different amounts of maize straw returned to the field with different nitrogen application rates on the soil–crop system quality, abundance of functional N cycle microorganisms, N2O emissions, and crop N nutrition status of crops have not been thoroughly explored.  The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different summer maize straw return rates and N application rates on i) soil quality and crop productivity; ii) the community of N cycle functional microorganisms and N2O emission; and iii) crop N status.  The results indicated that crop yields increased by 7.62 to 12.69% at 210 kg ha–1 of N application for full straw return (SN) and half return (1/2SN) compared to the no-return treatment (CK).  No significant difference was noted in the yields between the full straw return reduced by 15% (178.5 kg N ha–1) of N fertilizer (S-15%N) and SN.  The surface soil layer (0–20 cm) showed significantly higher levels of soil organic matter (SOM), the community of N-cycling functional microorganisms, crop N nutrition status and N uptake efficiency in SN, 1/2SN, and S-15%N as compared to other treatments.  Compared to SN, S-15%N and 1/2SN reduced cumulative N2O emission fluxes by 19.11 and 5.51%, respectively.  Furthermore, the nitrogen nutrient index (NNI) values of 1/2SN and S-15%N were closer to the critical N requirement than SN.  In summary, schemes for determining the optimal rates of straw return and N application (1/2SN and S-15%N) based on SOM, NNI, cumulative N2O emission fluxes, and yield can be applied to the annual production of winter wheat and summer maize in China.

Key words: maize straw return , nitrogen application ,  soil physicochemical properties ,  nitrogen use efficiency ,  N2O emission ,  nitrogen cycle functional microorganisms