枣FW2.2-like基因家族的功能解析：其鉴定与特征分析及ZjFWL10变异对果实大小和株高的影响

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.017

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (10): 3880-3894.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.017

枣FW2.2-like基因家族的功能解析：其鉴定与特征分析及ZjFWL10变异对果实大小和株高的影响

收稿日期:2024-07-06 修回日期:2025-02-17 接受日期:2025-01-20 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-09-24

Functional insights into the FW2.2-like gene family in Chinese jujube: Identification, characterization, and impact of ZjFWL10 variants on fruit size and plant height

Meiyu Li^{1, 4*}, Liyun Mao^1*, Shuang Song², Decang Kong³, Ming Cao³, Lijun Jiao⁵, Wenhao Bo^1#, Xiaoming Pang^1#

¹State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Saline and Alkali Land Greening Engineering Technology Center, Tangshan 063299, China
³National Foundation for Improved Cultivars of Chinese Jujube, Cangzhou 061000, China
⁴Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
⁵Shuangjing Forest Farm, Aohan Banner, Chifeng 028000, China

Received:2024-07-06 Revised:2025-02-17 Accepted:2025-01-20 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-09-24
About author:#Correspondence Wenhao Bo, E-mail: bowenhao@bjfu.edu.cn; Xiaoming Pang, E-mail: xmpang@163.com * These authors contributed equally to this study.
Supported by:
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800559), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2200404), the National XA Science and Technology Innovation Project, China (2022XACX1100), the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi, China (‘Guike’AB16380060), and the central government guides local science and technology development project “Germplasm Innovation of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Tree”, and partly supported by the open funds of the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, China.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

FW2.2-like (FWL)基因家族已经在多种物种中进行了广泛研究，揭示了某些成员在器官发育中，特别是调控果实大小方面的保守功能。因此，对于研究基础比较薄弱的物种，包括中国枣在内，分析这一基因家族是筛选果实大小候选基因的有效途径。在本研究中，我们鉴定了20个ZjFWL基因，全面分析了它们的染色体分布、系统发育关系、基因结构、进化动态、表达模式及其启动子中的顺式作用元件。ZjFWL10序列的自然变异分析表明，其保守结构域中的7个碱基缺失与枣果实大小存在显著相关性。为了验证7个碱基缺失基因型的功能，我们在番茄中进行了异源过表达试验，获得了三个过表达株系。与野生型相比，过表达株系的果实大小显著减小，而株高显著增加。这表明该基因可能在枣的营养分配中发挥关键作用，最终影响果实大小。这些发现为揭示果实大小调控机制提供了重要的见解，并为针对枣果实大小的遗传改良提供了有价值的参考。

Abstract:

The FW2.2-like (FWL) gene family has been extensively studied across multiple species, demonstrating conserved functions among specific members in organ development, particularly in fruit size regulation. For species with limited research foundations, such as Chinese jujube, analyzing this gene family is an effective approach to identify candidate genes for fruit size. This study identified twenty ZjFWL genes and comprehensively analyzed their chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, evolutionary dynamics, expression patterns, and cis-acting elements in their promoters. Natural variation analysis of the ZjFWL10 sequence identified a significant correlation between a seven-base pair deletion in the conserved domain and jujube fruit size. To validate the functional implications of the seven-base pair deletion genotype, heterologous overexpression experiments were conducted in tomatoes, generating three overexpression lines. Comparative analysis with the wild-type demonstrated a significant reduction in fruit size and a notable increase in plant height in the overexpressed lines. This gene may play a critical role in regulating nutrient partitioning in jujube, ultimately affecting fruit size. These findings advance our understanding of fruit size regulation mechanisms and offer valuable insights for genetic improvement strategies targeting jujube fruit size.

Key words: FWL , gene family , fruit size , Chinese jujube

Meiyu Li, Liyun Mao, Shuang Song, Decang Kong, Ming Cao, Lijun Jiao, Wenhao Bo, Xiaoming Pang. 枣FW2.2-like基因家族的功能解析：其鉴定与特征分析及ZjFWL10变异对果实大小和株高的影响[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 3880-3894.

Meiyu Li, Liyun Mao, Shuang Song, Decang Kong, Ming Cao, Lijun Jiao, Wenhao Bo, Xiaoming Pang. Functional insights into the FW2.2-like gene family in Chinese jujube: Identification, characterization, and impact of ZjFWL10 variants on fruit size and plant height[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 3880-3894.

参考文献

Alpert K B, Tanksley S D. 1996. High-resolution mapping and isolation of a yeast artificial chromosome contig containing fw 2.2: A major fruit weight quantitative trait locus in tomato. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 15503–15507.

Cabreira-Cagliari C, Dias N C, Bohn B, Fagundes D G D S, Margis-Pinheiro M, Bodanese-Zanettini M H, Cagliari A. 2018. Revising the PLAC8 gene family: From a central role in differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in mammals to a multifunctional role in plants. Genome, 61, 857–865.

Chen K, Cong B, Wing R, Vrebalov J, Tanksley S D. 2007. Changes in regulation of a transcription factor lead to autogamy in cultivated tomatoes. Science, 318, 643–645.

Cong B, Liu J, Tanksley S D. 2002. Natural alleles at a tomato fruit size quantitative trait locus differ by heterochronic regulatory mutations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 13606–13611.

Dahan Y, Rosenfeld R, Zadiranov V, Irihimovitch V. 2010. A proposed conserved role for an avocado fw2.2-like gene as a negative regulator of fruit cell division. Planta, 232, 663–676.

Finn R D, Clements J, Eddy S R. 2011. HMMER web server: Interactive sequence similarity searching. Nucleic Acids Research, 39, W29–W37.

De Franceschi P, Stegmeir T, Cabrera A, Van Der Knaap E, Rosyara U, Sebolt A, Dondini L, Dirlewanger E, Quero-Garcia J, Campoy J A. 2013. Cell number regulator genes in Prunus provide candidate genes for the control of fruit size in sweet and sour cherry. Molecular Breeding, 32, 311–326.

Frary A, Nesbitt T C, Frary A, Grandillo S, Van Der Knaap E, Cong B, Liu J, Meller J, Elber R, Alpert K B. 2000. fw2.2: A quantitative trait locus key to the evolution of tomato fruit size. Science, 289, 85–88.

Galaviz-Hernandez C, Stagg C, De Ridder G, Tanaka T S, Ko M S, Schlessinger D, Nagaraja R. 2003. Plac8 and Plac9, novel placental-enriched genes identified through microarray analysis. Gene, 309, 81–89.

Guo M, Rupe M A, Dieter J A, Zou J, Spielbauer D, Duncan K E, Howard R J, Hou Z, Simmons C R. 2010. Cell Number Regulator1 affects plant and organ size in maize: Implications for crop yield enhancement and heterosis. The Plant Cell, 22, 1057–1073.

Guo M, Simmons C R. 2011. Cell number counts - the fw2.2 and CNR genes and implications for controlling plant fruit and organ size. Plant Science, 181, 1–7.

Jarambasa T, Regon P, Jyoti S Y, Gupta D, Panda S K, Tanti B. 2023. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Pisum sativum (L.) APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) gene family reveals functions in drought and cold stresses. Genetica, 151, 225–239.

Jia T, Bin Z, Luo S, LI X, Bin W, Jiang L. 2016. Cloning, localization and expression analysis of two fw2.2-like genes in small-and large-fruited pear species. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 15, 282–294.

Krzywinski M, Schein J, Birol I, Connors J, Gascoyne R, Horsman D, Jones S J, Marra M A. 2009. Circos: An information aesthetic for comparative genomics. Genome Research, 19, 1639–1645.

Kuang C, Li J, Liu H, Liu J, Sun X, Zhu X, Hua W. 2020. Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of the fruit-weight 2.2-like gene family in polyploid oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). DNA and Cell Biology, 39, 766–782.

Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547.

Lescot M, Déhais P, Thijs G, Marchal K, Moreau Y, Van de Peer Y, Rouzé P, Rombauts S. 2002. PlantCARE, a database of plant cis-acting regulatory elements and a portal to tools for in silico analysis of promoter sequences. Nucleic Acids Research, 30, 325–327.

Li Z, He C. 2015. Physalis floridana Cell Number Regulator1 encodes a cell membrane-anchored modulator of cell cycle and negatively controls fruit size. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66, 257–270.

Libault M, Stacey G. 2010. Evolution of FW2. 2-like (FWL) and PLAC8 genes in eukaryotes. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 5, 1226–1228.

Liu C, Xie T, Chen C, Luan A, Long J, Li C, Ding Y, He Y. 2017. Genome-wide organization and expression profiling of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor family in pineapple (Ananas comosus). BMC Genomics, 18, 1–16.

Liu J, Cong B, Tanksley S D. 2003. Generation and analysis of an artificial gene dosage series in tomato to study the mechanisms by which the cloned quantitative trait locus fw2.2 controls fruit size. Plant Physiology, 132, 292–299.

Liu M, Zhao J, Cai Q, Liu G, Wang J, Zhao Z, Liu P, Dai L, Yan G, Wang W. 2014. The complex jujube genome provides insights into fruit tree biology. Nature Communications, 5, 5315.

Lozano R, Hamblin M T, Prochnik S, Jannink J L. 2015. Identification and distribution of the NBS-LRR gene family in the Cassava genome. BMC Genomics, 16, 1–14.

Pereira L, Sapkota M, Alonge M, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Razifard H, Taitano N K, Schatz M C, Fernie A R, Wang Y. 2021. Natural genetic diversity in tomato flavor genes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 642828.

Pu X, Tian J, Li J, Wen Y. 2023. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the fw2.2-like gene family in pear. Horticulturae, 9, 429.

Ran C, Zhang Y, Chang F, Yang X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhu W. 2023. Genome-wide analyses of SlFWL family genes and their expression profiles under cold, heat, salt and drought stress in tomato. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, 11783.

Snouffer A, Kraus C, van der Knaap E. 2020. The shape of things to come: ovate family proteins regulate plant organ shape. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 53, 98–105.

Sun H J, Uchii S, Watanabe S, Ezura H. 2006. A highly efficient transformation protocol for Micro-Tom, a model cultivar for tomato functional genomics. Plant and Cell Physiology, 47, 426–431.

Tepe F B, Ekinci R, Kadakal Ç, Nizamlioğlu N M. 2022. A review: The physical, nutritional, bioactive properties and health benefits of jujube fruit. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science, 18, 67–75.

Titirică I, Roman I A, Nicola C, Sturzeanu M, Iurea E, Botu M, Sestras R E, Pop R, Militaru M, Ercisli S. 2023. The main morphological characteristics and chemical components of fruits and the possibilities of their improvement in raspberry breeding. Horticulturae, 9, 50.

Wang B, He M, Li C, Wang L, Meng H. 2020. Microstructure and biomechanical characterisation of jujube branches. Biosystems Engineering, 194, 165–176.

Wang Y, Tang H, De Barry J D, Tan X, Li J, Wang X, Lee T H, Jin H, Marler B, Guo H. 2012. MCScanX: A toolkit for detection and evolutionary analysis of gene synteny and collinearity. Nucleic Acids Research, 40, e49.

Xu J, Xiong W, Cao B, Yan T, Luo T, Fan T, Luo M. 2013. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of “fruit-weight2.2-like” gene family in rice. Planta, 238, 643–655.

Yin T, Han P, Xi D, Yu W, Zhu L, Du C, Yang N, Liu X, Zhang H. 2023. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression profile of NBS-LRR gene family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Gene, 854, 147117.

Zanor M I, Osorio S, Nunes Nesi A, Carrari F, Lohse M, Usadel B R, Kuhn C, Bleiss W, Giavalisco P, Willmitzer L. 2009. RNA interference of LIN5 in tomato confirms its role in controlling Brix content, uncovers the influence of sugars on the levels of fruit hormones, and demonstrates the importance of sucrose cleavage for normal fruit development and fertility. Plant Physiology, 150, 1204–1218.

Zhang S, Chen Z, Feng L, Zhi Z, Liu Y, Zhang M, Yue H, Zhu G, Gao F. 2024. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms exploration of jujube biological traits through multi-omics analysis. Forests, 15, 395.

Zhang Y, Sun X, Vidyarthi S K, Zhang R. 2021. Active components and antioxidant activity of thirty-seven varieties of Chinese jujube fruits (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). International Journal of Food Properties, 24, 1479–1494.

枣FW2.2-like基因家族的功能解析：其鉴定与特征分析及ZjFWL10变异对果实大小和株高的影响

Functional insights into the FW2.2-like gene family in Chinese jujube: Identification, characterization, and impact of ZjFWL10 variants on fruit size and plant height

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics