Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (9): 3656-3670.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.004

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聚磷藻肥作为一种缓释磷肥有利于植物生长和土壤健康

  

  • 收稿日期:2024-09-04 修回日期:2025-02-10 接受日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-08-11

Polyphosphate-enriched algae fertilizer as a slow-release phosphorus resource can improve plant growth and soil health

Jiahong Yu1*, Bingbing Luo2*, Yujie Yang1*, Suna Ren2, Lei Xu3, Long Wang3, Xianqing Jia4, Yiyong Zhu1#, Keke Yi3#   

  1. 1 Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China/Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

    2 Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization/Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China

    3 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

    4 Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China

  • Received:2024-09-04 Revised:2025-02-10 Accepted:2024-12-18 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-08-11
  • About author:#Correspondence Yiyong Zhu, E-mail: yiyong1973@njau.edu.cn; Keke Yi, E-mail: yikeke@caas.cn
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1000404), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32472823 and 32102478), the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-CSAL-202301), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M693447, 2021M693449 and 2022T150707).

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摘要：

磷肥的施用促进了作物生长，提高了农业生产效率。然而，磷矿作为磷肥的主要来源，其不可再生性日益突出，且土壤中铁、铝等金属离子易对磷肥产生固定作用，导致磷肥利用效率低下。此外，磷肥通过扩散和径流等途径流失，容易导致水体富营养化等环境问题。在此背景下，藻类肥料作为一种环境友好型替代品，逐渐受到关注。然而，藻类肥料在提供持续磷源、促进植物生长、影响土壤微生物群落以及养分循环等方面的潜力，仍有待深入探究。在本研究中，我们开发了一种聚磷藻肥，并通过土壤培养实验、溶液培养实验以及作物生长试验，将其与化学磷肥进行对比分析。土壤培养实验结果显示，聚磷藻肥能逐步释放出土壤初始活性磷两倍的磷素，展现出缓释特性。相比之下，化学磷肥处理下的土壤虽然在初期表现出较高的活性磷水平，但随后这些活性磷迅速转化为稳定态磷，三个月后的活性磷水平已降至聚磷藻肥处理土壤的30%左右。进一步研究发现，聚磷藻肥中磷素的缓慢释放与土壤微生物活性的增强有关。在培养三个月后，聚磷藻肥处理土壤的微生物量磷含量较化学磷肥处理土壤高出约8倍，同时微生物量碳与微生物量磷的比值下降了约75%。微生物多样性分析显示，与化学磷肥相比，聚磷藻肥能够吸引更多有益微生物种群，如溶磷菌、植物促生菌和抗逆菌等，从而优化土壤微生物群落结构。盆栽实验以及对番茄根际微生物的扩增子和宏基因组分析表明，藻类肥料在促进植物生长方面与化学磷肥效果相当，同时能够增强土壤磷循环和整体养分动态。以上结果表明，藻类肥料，尤其是聚磷藻肥，通过其独特的磷素缓慢释放和吸引有益微生物的能力，有效稳定了土壤磷肥力，促进了植物生长。本研究强调了聚磷藻肥作为一种缓释磷肥在缓解磷资源短缺、减少土壤磷流失、促进植物生长以及改善土壤健康方面的巨大潜力，为推动磷素资源的可持续利用提供了有力支撑。

Abstract:

Using phosphorus (P) fertilizers has historically increased agricultural productivity, yet the highly dissipative nature of phosphate rock and the low efficiency due to soil fixation and runoff raise sustainability concerns.  Algae fertilizers have emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative.  However, the potential of algae fertilizers for providing sustained P availability and their impacts on plant growth, soil microbes, and nutrient cycling remains to be explored.  In this study, we developed a polyphosphate-enriched algae fertilizer (PEA) and conducted comparative experiments with chemical P fertilizers (CP) through soil and solution cultures, as well as crop growth trials.  Soil cultivation experiments showed that PEA released twice as much labile P as initially available in the soil, and it functioned as a slow-release P source.  In contrast, soils treated with CP initially exhibited high levels of labile P, which was gradually converted to stable forms, but it dropped to 30% of the labile P level in PEA after three months.  Further tests revealed that the slow release of P from PEA was linked to increased microbial activity, and the microbial biomass P (MBP) content was about eight times higher than in soils treated with CP after three months, resulting in a 75% decline in the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) to MBP ratio.  Microbial diversity analysis showed that algae fertilizers could recruit more beneficial microbes than CP, like phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, plant growth-promoting bacteria, and stress-resistant bacteria.  Crop pot experiments, along with amplicon and metagenomic analysis of tomato root-associated microbes, revealed that algae fertilizers including PEA promoted plant growth comparable to CP, and enhanced soil P cycling and overall nutrient dynamics.  These data showed that algae fertilizers, especially PEA, can stabilize soil P fertility and stimulate plant growth through their slow P release and the recruitment of beneficial microbes.  Our study highlights the potential of PEA to foster sustainable agriculture by mitigating the P scarcity and soil P loss associated with chemical fertilizers and improving plant growth and soil health.

Key words: algae fertilizer , slow-release fertilizer ,  polyphosphate-enriched ,  P fraction, soil microbiome