一种基于病毒样颗粒的蜱传脑炎病毒候选疫苗可诱导小鼠产生特异性的细胞免疫和体液免疫

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.024

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 2051-2062.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.024

一种基于病毒样颗粒的蜱传脑炎病毒候选疫苗可诱导小鼠产生特异性的细胞免疫和体液免疫

收稿日期:2024-03-02 修回日期:2024-09-26 接受日期:2024-07-21 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-04-11

A candidate tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccine based on virus-like particles induces specific cellular and humoral immunity in mice

Mengyao Zhang, Hongli Jin, Cuicui Jiao, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yujie Bai, Zhiyuan Gong, Pei Huang, Haili Zhang, Yuanyuan Li^#, Hualei Wang^#

State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China

Received:2024-03-02 Revised:2024-09-26 Accepted:2024-07-21 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-04-11
About author:#Correspondence Hualei Wang, E-mail: wanghualei@jlu.edu.cn; Yuanyuan Li, E-mail: li_yuanyuan@jlu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2600202) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2132020KJC016).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蜱传脑炎（Tick-borne encephalitis，TBE）是由蜱虫传播的一种重要的人畜共患病毒病。近几十年来，由于全球气候变暖，导致人类接触蜱虫的机会增多，该病的死亡率也逐渐上升。由于缺乏特异性抗病毒治疗，有效的疫苗免疫对于控制 TBE 至关重要。基于病毒样颗粒（Virus-like particles，VLPs）的候选疫苗已被证明能有效激发机体产生针对流感病毒和新冠病毒的免疫反应。本文利用昆虫细胞-杆状病毒表达系统构建了含有来自远东 TBEV 株（WH2012）的包膜蛋白和膜蛋白的 TBEV VLPs（图1），并研究小鼠肌肉注射TBEV VLPs 候选疫苗（使用 Poly(I:C) 和 Montanide ISA 201VG 作为联合佐剂）后的免疫应答产生情况：TBEV VLPs 在免疫后可被小鼠的树突状细胞（Dendritic cells，DCs）捕获；成熟的 DCs 将TBEV VLPs表面抗原提呈给T细胞，激活T细胞的免疫应答反应；在T细胞的辅助下，B细胞进一步成熟和活化，产生特异性的细胞和体液免疫应答；血清特异性IgG抗体水平可达 1:10^4.6，并且在三次免疫后的24周内一直保持在 1:10⁴；经过三次免疫后，TBEV VLPs 在小鼠体内产生了特异性记忆T细胞。综上所述，TBEV VLPs 具有良好的免疫原性，不仅能刺激小鼠产生特异性免疫反应，还具有很高的安全性，可作为 TBEV 候选疫苗，为开发抗 TBEV 的新型基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。

Abstract:

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an important zoonotic viral disease transmitted by ticks. In recent decades, global climate change has increased human exposure to ticks, and mortality rate have gradually risen. Effective vaccines are essential for controlling TBE as specific antiviral treatment is unavailable. Vaccine candidates based on virus-like particles (VLPs) have previously been demonstrated to be effective in eliciting excellent immune responses against influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. Here, we constructed TBE virus (TBEV) VLPs containing the envelope and membrane proteins derived from the Far Eastern TBEV strain (WH2012) using an insect cell-baculovirus expression system. Induction of immune responses was investigated in mice following intramuscular injection with the TBEV VLPs vaccine candidates formulated with a combination of poly(I:C) and Montanide ISA201VG adjuvants. Mice produced memory T-cells and serum-specific IgG antibodies that averaged up to 1:10^4.6 and remained at 1:10⁴ (mean) at 24 wk after three immunizations. TBEV VLPs vaccine was able to provide long-term antibody protection against TBEV, making it a promising subunit vaccine candidate for this disease.

Key words: tick-borne encephalitis virus , virus-like particles , envelope protein , subunit vaccine

Mengyao Zhang, Hongli Jin, Cuicui Jiao, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yujie Bai, Zhiyuan Gong, Pei Huang, Haili Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Hualei Wang. 一种基于病毒样颗粒的蜱传脑炎病毒候选疫苗可诱导小鼠产生特异性的细胞免疫和体液免疫[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(5): 2051-2062.

Mengyao Zhang, Hongli Jin, Cuicui Jiao, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yujie Bai, Zhiyuan Gong, Pei Huang, Haili Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Hualei Wang. A candidate tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccine based on virus-like particles induces specific cellular and humoral immunity in mice[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(5): 2051-2062.

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一种基于病毒样颗粒的蜱传脑炎病毒候选疫苗可诱导小鼠产生特异性的细胞免疫和体液免疫

A candidate tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccine based on virus-like particles induces specific cellular and humoral immunity in mice

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