氮钾肥配施对糯玉米养分积累、转运和产量的影响

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.010

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (12): 4561-4572.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.010

氮钾肥配施对糯玉米养分积累、转运和产量的影响

收稿日期:2023-11-01 修回日期:2024-04-10 接受日期:2024-03-18 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-11-13

Response of nutrient accumulation, remobilization and yield to combined application of nitrogen and potassium in waxy maize

Guanghao Li^1*, Qijian Zhang^1*, Weiping Lu^{1, 2}, Dalei Lu^{1, 2#}

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
²Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received:2023-11-01 Revised:2024-04-10 Accepted:2024-03-18 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-11-13
About author:Guanghao Li, Tel: +86-514-87979377, E-mail: guanghaoli@yzu.edu.cn; Qijian Zhang, E-mail: zqj20@foxmail.com; #Correspondence Dalei Lu, +86-514-87979242, Fax: +86-514-87996817, E-mail: dllu@yzu.edu.cn *These authors contributed equally to this study.
Supported by:
We would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System of China (JATS [2022]497), the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund, China (CX[23]3117), the Key Research & Development Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2021317), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101828), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，玉米生产中重氮肥而轻钾肥的不均衡施肥现象导致土壤肥力逐年下降。均衡施肥是减少肥料施用量而且能提高玉米产量和效率的一种有效栽培措施。本试验设置2个氮肥水平：N12(180 kg N ha⁻¹)、N15(225 kg N ha⁻¹)，4个钾肥处理K0(不施钾)、K5(75 kg K₂O ha⁻¹)、K10(150 kg K₂O ha⁻¹)、K5+5(播种时基施75 kg K₂O ha⁻¹、拔节期追施75 kg K₂O ha⁻¹)，研究氮钾肥配施对糯玉米干物质和养分积累与转运特性的影响。结果表明：相同氮肥水平下，籽粒产量随钾肥施用量增加而增加，与K0比较，籽粒产量平均增加1254.8 kg ha⁻¹(2020)和727.3 kg ha⁻¹(2021)。氮肥和钾肥用量相同时，K5+5处理通过提高粒重提高籽粒产量。K5+5处理下，N12处理的干物质和养分积累量与N15无显著差异。与K10处理相比，K5+5不仅提高了平均干物质转运量，而且提高了氮、磷、钾的转运量。此外，K5+5处理下平均干物质、氮、磷和钾的转运率分别提高3.3%、4.6%、10.6%和4.2%。追施钾肥处理提高了干物质、氮、磷和钾转运对籽粒的贡献率，促进了籽粒中营养物质的积累，进而提高了收获指数。从产量和肥料利用效率的角度考虑，我们建议南方春播糯玉米生产中优化钾肥施用方式(分别基施和追施75 kg K₂O ha⁻¹)、适当减少氮肥施用量(从225 减少到180 kg N ha⁻¹)，以实现高产高效。

Abstract:

Unbalanced fertilizer application with high intensity nitrogen (N) and insufficient potassium (K) results in declining soil fertility. Balanced fertilization represents an effective approach to reduce fertilizer usage while enhancing maize yield and efficiency. This study examined two N levels (180 and 225 kg N ha⁻¹, abbreviated N12 and N15) and four K treatments (0, 75, 150, and 75+75 kg K₂O ha⁻¹, abbreviated K0, K5, K10, and K5+5) to investigate the effects of combined N and K application on biomass, nutrient accumulation, and remobilization characteristics in waxy maize. Results indicated that grain yield increased with higher K application at constant N levels, demonstrating an average increase of 1,254.8 kg ha⁻¹ (2020) and 727.3 kg ha⁻¹ (2021) compared with K0. Under identical N and K applications, K5+5 enhanced grain yield through increased kernel weight. The K5+5 treatment showed no significant difference in biomass and nutrient accumulation between N12 and N15. Compared to K10, K5+5 enhanced both the average remobilization amount (RBA) of biomass and increased RBA of N, phosphorus (P) and K. Additionally, the average remobilization efficiency (RBE) of biomass, N, P, and K in K5+5 increased by 3.3, 4.6, 10.6, and 4.2%, respectively. Moreover, topdressing K improved the apparent contribution to grain (AC) of biomass, N, P and K, facilitating greater nutrient transfer to grains and significantly increasing nutrient harvest index. Based on yield and fertilizer use efficiency, this study recommends optimized K application (basal and topdressing 75 kg ha⁻¹) and moderate reduction in N application (from 225 to 180 kg ha⁻¹) for spring-sown waxy maize production in southern China.

Key words: waxy maize , nitrogen and potassium , biomass , nutrient remobilization , yield

Guanghao Li, Qijian Zhang, Weiping Lu, Dalei Lu. 氮钾肥配施对糯玉米养分积累、转运和产量的影响[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(12): 4561-4572.

Guanghao Li, Qijian Zhang, Weiping Lu, Dalei Lu. Response of nutrient accumulation, remobilization and yield to combined application of nitrogen and potassium in waxy maize[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(12): 4561-4572.

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氮钾肥配施对糯玉米养分积累、转运和产量的影响

Response of nutrient accumulation, remobilization and yield to combined application of nitrogen and potassium in waxy maize

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