Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 1718-1736.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.008

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秸秆还田配施包膜尿素降低冬小麦田NH3和N2O排放

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-07-11 接受日期:2023-11-01 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-04-24

A combination of straw incorporation and polymer-coated urea offsets soil ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions in winter wheat fields

Xiaoyun Wang1, 2, Yajie Tian1, 2, Qianhui Zhang1, 2, Zhengxin Zhao1, 2, Rui Wang1, 2, Huanjie Cai1, 2#   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

    2 College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

  • Received:2023-07-11 Accepted:2023-11-01 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-04-24
  • About author:Xiaoyun Wang, Mobile: +86-17791386466, E-mail: 775638278@nwafu.edu.cn; #Correspondence Huanjie Cai, Tel: +86-29-87082133, E-mail: huanjie@tom.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1900700) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52179046).

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摘要：

为探究秸秆还田（SI）和包膜尿素（PCU）配施对冬小麦农田土壤氨挥发（NH3）和氧化亚氮（N2O）排放的影响，以中国西北地区冬小麦田为研究对象，于2020年10月开展了一项为期两年的大田试验，试验设置5个处理，即不施氮肥（N0）、施用未包膜尿素（U）（S0+U，150 kg N ha-1）、秸秆配施U（SI+U）、施用PCU（S0+PCU，150 kg N ha-1）以及秸秆配施PCU（SI+PCU），分析了SI 和不同种类尿素配施对土壤 NH3 挥发、N2O 排放、冬小麦产量、单位产量NH3排放强度(INH3) 和单位产量 N2O 排放强度(IN2O) 的影响。结果表明，与不添加秸秆处理相比，SI处理NH3 排放量增加了20.98~34.35%，这是由于SI提高了土壤铵态氮（NH4+-N）含量和土壤孔隙度含水率（WFPS）。同时，SI通过增加土壤无机氮（SIN）含量、WFPS 和土壤微生物量导致 N2O 排放量增加了 13.31~49.23%。然而，与U处理相比，施用 PCU降低了土壤 SIN 含量，从而使 NH3 和 N2O 排放量分别减少了 45.99-58.07% 和 18.08-53.04%。此外， SI 和 PCU 的施用对冬小麦产量没有显著性影响（P>0.05）。在 S0+PCU 和 SI+PCU 处理下，INH3和IN2O的值最低。综上，在中国西北地区，单一施用 PCU 以及秸秆与PCU配施是减少冬小麦农田气态氮排放和维持高产的较佳的农田管理策略。

Abstract:

The combined effects of straw incorporation (SI) and polymer-coated urea (PCU) application on soil ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural fields have not been comprehensively evaluated in Northwest China.  We conducted a two-year field experiment to assess the effects of combining SI with either uncoated urea (U) or PCU on soil NH3 emissions, N2O emissions, winter wheat yields, yield-scaled NH3 (INH3), and yield-scaled N2O (IN2O).  Five treatments were investigated, no nitrogen (N) fertilizer (N0), U application at 150 kg N ha–1 with and without SI (SI+U and S0+U), and PCU application at 150 kg N ha–1 with and without SI (SI+PCU and S0+PCU).  The results showed that the NH3 emissions increased by 20.98–34.35% following SI compared to straw removal, mainly due to increases in soil ammonium (NH4+-N) content and water-filled pore space (WFPS).  SI resulted in higher N2O emissions than under the S0 scenario by 13.31–49.23% due to increases in soil inorganic N (SIN) contents, WFPS, and soil microbial biomass.  In contrast, the PCU application reduced the SIN contents compared to the U application, reducing the NH3 and N2O emissions by 45.99–58.07 and 18.08–53.04%, respectively.  Moreover, no significant positive effects of the SI or PCU applications on the winter wheat yield were observed.  The lowest INH3 and IN2O values were observed under the S0+PCU and SI+PCU treatments.  Our results suggest that single PCU applications and their combination with straw are the optimal agricultural strategies for mitigating gaseous N emissions and maintaining optimal winter wheat yields in Northwest China.