影响氨和氧化亚氮排放对控释氮肥响应的关键因素评估:一个整合分析

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

降低农田氨和氧化亚氮排放对减少氮素损失和温室气体排放有极大影响。相对于常规尿素，控释尿素可以调控氮素的释放速率以减少活性氮损失并提高氮素利用效率。然而，与常规尿素相比，对控释尿素施用下影响氨和氧化亚氮排放的关键因素仍不清楚。我们收集大量试验数据并利用荟萃分析评估了氨和氧化亚氮排放对控释尿素的响应及关键影响因素。控释尿素施用较常规尿素降低了32.7%的氨和25.0%的氧化亚氮排放。根据亚组分析，控释尿素对土壤氨和氧化亚氮排放的缓解效应在pH为6.5-7.5（-47.9和-23.7%）土壤、水稻季（-34.8和-29.1%）较pH＜6.5（-28.5和-21.4%）、pH＞7.5（-29.3和-17.3%）土壤和小麦季（-19.8和-22.8%）更好；同时，控释尿素对氨和氧化亚氮排放的缓解效应从雨养农田（-30.5%和-17.0%）到灌溉农田（-32.5%和-22.9%），到水田（-34.8%和-29.1%）逐步增加。此外，氧化亚氮减排效应随土壤总氮的增加而增加，但土壤氮对氨挥发缓解的影响不显著。相对于壤质（-32.9%）和粘质（-32.3%）土壤，砂质土壤（-57.7%）施用控释肥的氨排放降低幅度更大，而土壤质地对氧化亚氮排放影响不显著。总之，相对于常规尿素，施用控释尿素是减少农田活性氮排放的一个有效措施，该分析增强了对控释尿素施用下影响氨和氧化亚氮排放缓解的关键环境和管理因素的理解，在应用控释尿素增加氮肥利用率时应考虑这些区域特异性的因素。

Abstract:

Reducing ammonia (NH₃) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions have great effects on mitigating nitrogen (N) nutrient loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Controlled release urea (CRU) can control the N release rate, which reduces reactive N loss and increases nitrogen use efficiency relative to conventional urea (CU). However, the crucial factors influencing the responses of NH₃ and N₂O emissions to CRU relative to CU are still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the responses of NH₃ and N₂O emissions to CRU based on collected field data with a meta-analysis. CRU reduced the NH₃ and N₂O emissions by 32.7 and 25.0% compared with CU, respectively. According to subgroup analysis, CRU presented better mitigation of NH₃ and N₂O emissions in soils with pH 6.5–7.5 (–47.9 and –23.7%) relative to either pH<6.5 (–28.5 and –21.4%) or pH>7.5 (–29.3 and –17.3%), and in the rice season (–34.8 and –29.1%) relative to the wheat season (–19.8 and –22.8%). The responses of NH₃ and N₂O emissions to CRU increased from rainfed (–30.5 and –17.0%) to irrigated (–32.5 and –22.9%), and then to paddy (–34.8 and –29.1%) systems. In addition, the response of N₂O emission mitigation increased with increases in soil total nitrogen (TN); however, soil TN did not significantly affect the response of NH₃ volatilization. The reduction in NH₃ emission was greater in sandy-textured soil (–57.7%) relative to loam-textured (–32.9%) and clay-textured (–32.3%) soils, whereas soil texture did not affect N₂O emission. Overall, CRU was a good option for reducing the NH₃ and N₂O emissions relative to CU in agricultural production. This analysis improves our understanding of the crucial environmental and management factors influencing the mitigation of NH₃ and N₂O emissions under CRU application, and these site-specific factors should be considered when applying CRU to reduce reactive N loss and increase NUE.

Key words: controlled release urea , NH₃ volatilization , N₂O emission , environmental factor , management practice

LÜ Hui-dan, WANG Xi-ya, PAN Zhao-long, ZHAO Shi-cheng. 影响氨和氧化亚氮排放对控释氮肥响应的关键因素评估:一个整合分析[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(11): 3549-3559.

LÜ Hui-dan, WANG Xi-ya, PAN Zhao-long, ZHAO Shi-cheng. Assessment of the crucial factors influencing the responses of ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions to controlled release nitrogen fertilizer: A meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(11): 3549-3559.

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