Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 1833-1846.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.002

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麻山药下脚料对断奶羔羊生长性能、血液参数、瘤胃发酵和瘤胃细菌群的影响


  

  • 收稿日期:2022-04-16 修回日期:2022-10-04 接受日期:2022-09-14 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2022-09-14

Effect of dioscorea opposite waste on growth performance, blood parameters, rumen fermentation and rumen bacterial community in weaned lambs

GUO Yun-xia1, 2, 3*, YANG Ruo-chen1*, DUAN Chun-hui1, WANG Yong1, HAO Qing-hong2, 3, JI Shou-kun1, YAN Hui1, ZHANG Ying-jie1#, LIU Yue-qin1#   


  1. 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P.R.China

    2 College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P.R.China

    3 Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Agricultural Waste Resources, Baoding 071001, P.R.China

  • Received:2022-04-16 Revised:2022-10-04 Accepted:2022-09-14 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2022-09-14
  • About author:GUO Yun-xia, E-mail: gyx310@163.com; YANG Ruo-chen, E-mail: 1471981283@qq.com; #Correspondence ZHANG Ying-jie, Tel: +86-312-7528366, E-mail: zhangyingjie66@126.com; LIU Yue-qin, E-mail: liuyueqin66@126.com * These authors contributed equally to this study.
  • Supported by:
    This research was supported by the Key R&D Project of Hebei Province of China (21322907D and 21322910D), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (C2022204174), and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-38 and CARS-39-23).

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摘要：

本研究选取60只健康状况良好、体重（22.68±2.56 kg）相近的雄性小尾寒羊断奶羔羊，采用完全随机区组试验设计，将60只羔羊随机分为4组，每组15只。DOW替代精料的比例分别为0% (对照组, CON)、 10%（DOW1）、 15%（DOW2）和20%（DOW3）。饲养期共63 d，预试期15 d，正试期48 d，进行羔羊生长性能、血液指标、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物菌群的测定。结果表明，DOW2组羔羊的干物质（DMI）摄入量显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。日增重 (ADG) 随着DOW替代精料比例的增加而呈线性增加或二次效应变化（P<0.05），DOW2组羔羊的ADG较对照组更高（P<0.05）。随着DOW替代精料比例的增加，羔羊血浆GH、IGF-1和Insulin的浓度（P<0.05）呈现线性提高或二次效应变化（P<0.05）， 且DOW2组血浆激素含量显著高于对照组。随着DOW替代精料比例的增加，血浆尿素氮（BUN）的浓度（P<0.05）呈线性降低和二次效应变化。DOW替代精料可有效的调节瘤胃代谢及菌群变化。随着DOW替代精料比例的增加，瘤胃NH3-N的浓度在饲喂后0 h、4 h和8 h呈线性降低（P<0.05），在0 h和4 h时呈二次效应变化（P<0.05）；在饲喂后0 h和4 h后总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFAs）含量呈线性增加（P<0.05）；在饲喂0 h乙酸的含量呈线性增加（P<0.05），饲喂后4 h和8 h时呈二次效应变化（P<0.05）；丙酸的含量在饲喂0 h，4 h和8 h时呈线性降低，乙酸/丙酸比例在0 h，4 h和8 h均呈线性增加（P<0.05）。DOW2组瘤胃中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、琥珀酸菌属（Succiniclasticum）和反刍菌属（Ruminococcus_1）的相对丰度显著高于对照组，同时去铁杆菌门（Deferribacteres）、肠杆菌属（Intestinimonas）和反胃梭菌属（Ruminiclostridium）相对丰度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述，麻山药下脚料可改善饲料适口性，增加DMI，进而调控瘤胃微生物菌群变化，提高瘤胃发酵效率，促进羔羊生长，在本试验条件下，综合生长性能、血液指标及瘤胃发酵参数，麻山药下脚料的适宜添加比例为15%。本试验首次对麻山药下脚料作为饲料原料对羔羊生长性能及瘤胃发酵参数进行了研究，为降低养殖成本，提高养殖效益，同时对农业废弃物的饲料化利用提供了思路。

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of dioscorea opposite waste (DOW) on the growth performance, blood parameters, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of weaned lambs.  Sixty healthy weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs (male, (22.68±2.56) kg initially) were used as the experimental animals.  Four levels of concentrate: 0 (control, CON), 10% (DOW1), 15% (DOW2) and 20% (DOW3), were replaced with DOW in the basal diet as experimental treatments.  The results showed that lambs fed the DOW2 diet had a higher (P<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) than the other groups.  There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among DOW groups in average daily weight gain (ADG), and replacing concentrate with DOW linearly or quadratically increased (P<0.05) the ADG, while lambs fed the DOW2 diet showed greater (P<0.05) ADG than the CON group.  The relative plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin were affected by DOW, replacing concentrate with DOW linearly or quadratically (P<0.05) enhanced the plasma concentration of GH, IGF-1 and insulin, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the DOW2 group than in the CON, DOW1 and DOW3 groups.  In addition, the DOW treatment showed a lower (P<0.05) concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than the CON group.  Replacing concentrate with DOW quadratically decreased (P<0.05) the ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and increased (P<0.05) the total of volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) at 0 and 4 h after feeding as well as linearly decreased (P<0.05) the NH3-N at 8 h after feeding.  Replacing concentrate with DOW linearly decreased (P<0.05) the propionate and increased the aceate before feeding, and linearly decreased (P<0.05) propionate and quadratically increased (P<0.05) the aceate at 4 and 8 h after feeding.  Lambs fed the DOW2 diet increased the phylum Firmicutes and genera Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus_1 groups, whereas decreased (P<0.05) the relative abundance of phylum Deferribacteres and genera intestinimonas and Ruminiclostridium.  In summary, replacing the concentrate with 15% DOW was beneficial for improving the rumen fermentation and ADG by increasing the DMI and modulating the rumen microbial community.

Key words: lamb , dioscorea opposite waste ,  growth performance ,  blood parameters ,  rumen fermentation ,  rumen microflora