Grain dehydration rate is related to post-silking thermal time and ear characters in different maize hybrids

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63641-9

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着东北地区土地规模化经营的不断发展，玉米机械化籽粒直收成为大势所趋。籽粒水分是影响机械化籽粒直收效果的重要因素，但影响籽粒脱水速率的因素尚不清楚。本研究于2017-2018年在两个种植密度下对5个玉米杂交种进行了为期两年的田间试验，探究玉米籽粒的脱水规律。结果表明，籽粒破碎率是影响机械化收获质量的主要因素，破碎率与收获时籽粒含水率呈极显著正相关（R²=0.6372，P<0.01）。为满足机械粒收破损率<5％的国家标准，收获时最佳籽粒含水率为22.3％。吐丝至生理成熟过程中，籽粒脱水过程主要取决于积温（生长度日，GDDs）（r=-0.9412，P<0.01），生理成熟期的平均籽粒含水率为29.4％。生理成熟期后，积温与籽粒水分之间仍存在极显著线性相关关系，但相关系数变小（r=-0.8267，P<0.01）。在这一阶段，籽粒脱水过程受玉米品种穗部性状影响较大。具有较小苞叶面积（r=0.6591，P<0.05）、较大果穗夹角（r=-0.7582，P<0.05）、较长果柄（r=-0.9356，P<0.01）和较细果穗（r=0.9369，P<0.01）的玉米品种有利于籽粒脱水。这些性状参数可为培育及选择适宜机械化籽粒直收的品种提供理论参考。

Abstract: Mechanized grain harvest of maize becomes increasingly important with growing land plot size in Northeast China. Grain moisture is an important factor affecting the performance of mechanized grain harvest. However, it remains unclear what influences grain dehydration rate. In this study, maize grain dehydrating process was investigated in a two-year field experiment with five hybrids under two planting densities in 2017 and 2018. It was found that damaged-grain ratio was the main factor affecting mechanized harvest quality, and this ratio was positively correlated with grain moisture content at harvest (R²=0.6372, P<0.01). To fulfill the national standard of <5% damaged-grain ratio for mechanized grain harvest, the optimal maize grain moisture content was 22.3%. From silking to physiological maturity, grain dehydrating process was mostly dependent on the thermal time (growing degree days, GDDs) (r=–0.9412, P<0.01). The average grain moisture content at physiological maturity was 29.4%. Thereafter, the linear relationship between GDDs and grain moisture still existed, but the correlation coefficient became smaller (r=–0.8267, P<0.01). At this stage, grain dehydrating process was greatly affected by genotypes. Grain dehydrated faster when a hybrid has a smaller husk area (r=0.6591, P<0.05), larger ear angle (r=–0.7582, P<0.05), longer ear peduncle (r=–0.9356, P<0.01) and finer ear (r=0.9369, P<0.01). These parameters can be used for breeders and farmers to select hybrids suitable for mechanized grain harvest.

Key words: maize , grain moisture , grain dehydrating , grain damage , mechanized harvest , ear traits , genotype

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(4): 964-976.

SHI Wen-jun, SHAO Hui, SHA Ye, SHI Rong, SHI Dong-feng, CHEN Ya-chao, BAN Xiang-ben, MI Guo-hua. Grain dehydration rate is related to post-silking thermal time and ear characters in different maize hybrids[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(4): 964-976.

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