Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63841-8

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在中国南方稻作区，传统的早稻-晚稻双季稻模式（DR）种植面积迅速减少，同时，再生稻（RR）和稻虾（RC）作为两种新兴稻作模式正快速发展。本文采用能值分析法和生命周期评价法评估了稻作模式转变对水稻生产经营经济效益和生态可持续性的影响。经济效益分析结果表明：RC的生产产值和利润远大于RR和DR，RR和RC比DR的产投比分别提高了25.5和122.7%。与DR相比，由于较高的灌溉水、电力、幼虾苗和饲料等生产资料的投入，RC增加了能值投入，而RR则具有较低的总能值和不可再生能值投入，如灌溉水、电力、肥料和农药等。当稻作模式从DR转变为RR或者RC时，水稻生产的环境负载率分别减少了20.4和38.2%，而能值可持续性指标增加了34.8和65.2%。生命周期评价结果表明：RR和RC具有较低的潜在环境影响，它们的综合环境影响指数比DR分别低35.0和61.0%。与DR相比，RR的稻谷产量没有明显下降，但显著减少了经济成本和能值投入，而RC模式下稻谷产量下降严重（与RR相比减少了53.6%）。综上，再生稻模式是一种更有利于全面实现粮食安全、经济效益和生态可持续的种植模式。

Abstract: In China, the traditional early and late season double rice (DR) system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems: ratoon rice (RR) and rice–crawfish (RC). Three methodologies: economic analysis, emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment (LCA) were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change. Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR. The income to costs ratio of RR and RC increased by 25.5 and 122.7% compared with that of DR, respectively. RC had the highest emergy input thanks to increasing irrigation water, electricity, juvenile crawfish and forage input while RR showed a lower total emergy and nonrenewable emergy input, such as irrigation water, electricity, fertilizers and pesticides than DR. The environmental loading ratios decreased by 16.7–50.4% when cropping system changed from DR to RR or from DR to RC while the emergy sustainability indexes increased by 22.6–112.9%. The life cycle assessment indicated lower potential environmental impacts of RR and RC, whose total environmental impact indexes were 35.0–61.0% lower than that of DR. Grain yield of RR was comparable with that of DR in spite of less financial and emergy input of RR, but RC had a much lower grain yield (a 53.6% reduction compared to DR). These results suggested that RR is a suitable cropping system to achieve the food security, economic and environmental goals.

Key words: paddy cropping system changes , economic analysis , emergy evaluation , LCAV food security , central China

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(2): 566-577.

ZHOU Yong, YAN Xiao-yuan, GONG Song-ling, LI Cheng-wei, ZHU Rong, ZHU Bo, LIU Zhang-yong, WANG Xiao-long, CAO Peng. Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(2): 566-577.

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