稻麦轮作系统长期秸秆还田对铵离子在团聚体尺度上固持的影响

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63592-4

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

团聚体是诸如铵离子（NH₄⁺）固持等土壤物理化学和生物过程的重要影响因素。秸秆还田可促进有机碳固存和提高作物产量，因而备受关注。然而，在农田土壤中，秸秆还田对团聚体尺度上NH₄⁺的固持行为的影响尚未见报道。本研究以太湖流域的稻麦轮作长期定位试验为研究对象，选取不施肥（CK）、无机氮磷钾肥（NPK）和无机氮磷钾肥配施秸秆还田等三个施肥处理，采用湿筛法筛分微团聚体（<0.25mm），微团聚体有机碳采用H₂O₂氧化去除，目的在于评估长期秸秆还田对微团聚体吸附和固定NH₄⁺的影响。结果表明长期秸秆还田可显著提高微团聚体有机碳含量和促进微团聚体对NH₄⁺的吸附，但抑制了微团聚体对NH₄⁺的固定。随着有机碳含量的增加，微团聚体对NH₄⁺的吸附潜力和吸附强度增加，但对NH₄⁺的固定降低，表明有机碳影响NH₄⁺吸附固定的重要性。微团聚体经有机碳氧化后，NPKS处理对NH₄⁺的吸附潜力明显下降，但三个施肥处理对NH₄⁺的固定能力明显增强，这进一步证实了有机碳在NH₄⁺吸附固定方面的重要性。因此，长期秸秆还田可通过提高土壤有机碳含量影响NH₄⁺的吸附固定，进而提高稻麦轮作系统土壤氮的生物有效性和减少肥料氮的损失。

Abstract: Soil aggregates are an important controlling factor for the physico-chemical and biological processes such as ammonium (NH₄⁺) retention. Straw return to the field is increasingly recommended to promote soil carbon (C) sequestration and improve crop yields. However, the effects of straw return on NH₄⁺ retention at soil aggregate level in agricultural soils have seldom been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the influences of long-term straw return on NH₄⁺ adsorption and fixation in microaggregates (<0.25 mm) with or without soil organic carbon (SOC) oxidization. Soil samples were collected from plots of three treatments, i.e., no fertilizer (CK), inorganic NPK fertilizers (NPK), and inorganic NPK fertilizers with rice straw return (NPKS), from a 20-year-old field trial with rice-wheat rotations in Taihu Lake Region, China. Soil aggregates were separated using wet-sieving method. The SOC of microaggregates was oxidized by H₂O₂. The results showed that long-term straw return significantly increased SOC and NH₄⁺ adsorption, but inhibited NH₄⁺ fixation in microaggregates. NH₄⁺ adsorption potential and strength - obtained from adsorption isotherms - increased, but NH₄⁺ fixation decreased along with increasing SOC in microaggregates, indicating the important role of SOC in NH₄⁺ adsorption and fixation. This was verified by the SOC oxidization test that showed a relative decrease in NH₄⁺ adsorption potential for the NPKS treatment and an increase in NH₄⁺ fixation in all three treatments. Therefore, long-term straw return influences NH₄⁺ adsorption and fixation by enhancing SOC content and could improve N availability for crop uptake and minimize applied N fertilizer losses in rice-wheat cropping systems.

Key words: soil organic carbon , microaggregates , NH₄⁺, adsorption , fixation

. 稻麦轮作系统长期秸秆还田对铵离子在团聚体尺度上固持的影响 [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(2): 521-531.

ZHANG Wen-zhao, CHEN Xiao-qin, WANG Huo-yan, WEI Wen-xue, ZHOU Jian-min. Long-term straw return influenced ammonium ion retention at the soil aggregate scale in an Anthrosol with rice-wheat rotations in China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(2): 521-531.

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