Regional distribution of wheat yield and chemical fertilizer requirements in China

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63338-X

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

量化当前作物的可获得产量和肥料需求可为评估粮食供应能力提供详细信息以及制定农业决策提供数据支持。本研究收集和汇总了从2000年到2015年中国小麦主产区的5408个田间试验，结合克里格插值和小麦养分专家支持决策系统，分析了小麦产量、土壤养分供应能力（采用相对产量表示，其定义为不施氮（N）、磷（P）或钾（K）肥处理的产量与氮磷钾肥全施处理的产量的比值）和氮、磷和钾肥需求的空间分布。结果表明，所有研究区域的小麦平均可获得产量为6.4 t ha⁻¹，变异系数(CV)为24.9%。华北地区（NCC）和长江中下游地区（MLYR）北部的产量普遍高于7 t ha⁻¹，而西南地区（SWC），东北地区（NEC）和西北地区（NWC）东部的小麦产量通常小于6 t ha⁻¹。氮、磷和钾肥的相对产量大于0.70、0.85和0.85的分布面积分别占研究区域的52.3%、74.7%和95.9%。氮、磷和钾肥的需要量存在差异，其变异系数分别为24.8%、23.9%和29.9%。与其它地区相比，华北地区（NCC）和长江中下游地区（MLYR）北部需要更多的肥料。在所有研究区域中，平均的N、P₂O₅和K₂O的需用量分别为162、72和57 kg ha⁻¹。将可获得产量和肥料需求的空间差异纳入小麦生产实践，将有利于小麦可持续生产和环境安全。

Abstract:

Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making. Datasets from a total of 5 408 field experiments were collected from 2000 to 2015 across the major wheat production regions in China to analyze the spatial distribution of wheat yield, the soil nutrient supply capacity (represented by relative yield, defined as the ratio of the yield under the omission of one of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) to the yield under the full NPK fertilizer application), and N, P and K fertilizer requirements by combining the kriging interpolation method with the Nutrient Expert Decision Support System for Wheat. The results indicated that the average attainable yield was 6.4 t ha⁻¹, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 24.9% across all sites. The yields in North-central China (NCC) and the northern part of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) were generally higher than 7 t ha⁻¹, whereas the yields in Southwest China (SWC), Northeast China (NEC), and the eastern part of Northwest China (NWC) were usually less than 6 t ha⁻¹. The precentage of area having a relative yield above 0.70, 0.85, and 0.85 for N, P, and K fertilizers accounted for 52.3, 74.7, and 95.9%, respectively. Variation existed in N, P, and K fertilizer requirements, with a CV of 24.8, 23.9, and 29.9%, respectively, across all sites. More fertilizer was needed in NCC and the northern part of the MLYR than in other regions. The average fertilizer requirement was 162, 72, and 57 kg ha⁻¹ for N, P₂O₅, and K₂O fertilizers, respectively, across all sites. The incorporation of the spatial variation of attainable yield and fertilizer requirements into wheat production practices would benefit sustainable wheat production and environmental safety.

Key words: wheat , attainable yield , fertilizer requirements , nutrient expert system , spatial variation

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(10): 2772-2780.

XU Xin-peng, HE Ping, CHUAN Li-min, LIU Xiao-yan, LIU Ying-xia, ZHANG Jia-jia, HUANG Xiao-meng, QIU Shao-jun, ZHAO Shi-cheng, ZHOU Wei. Regional distribution of wheat yield and chemical fertilizer requirements in China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(10): 2772-2780.

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