Response of grain-filling rate and grain quality of mid-season indica rice to nitrogen application

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63311-1

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮素是水稻取得高产的重要因素之一。除高产外，优质已成为当前水稻生产的又一迫切要求。灌浆期是水稻产量和品质形成的关键时期。而氮素对籼稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响及其与稻米品质的关系仍不清楚。通过大田栽培试验，研究了施氮条件下籽粒灌浆的关键特性与稻米研磨品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质的变化。结果表明，施氮延长了强、弱势粒灌浆的持续时间。弱势粒的平均灌浆速率（G_mean）和最大灌浆速率（G_max）与垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量呈正相关关系。弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间（T_max G）与糙米率、精米率和整精米率呈正相关关系。垩白粒率、垩白度与最高黏度、崩解值呈负相关关系。2016年和2017年两优培九和Y两优2号两个品种均在施氮后出现直链淀粉含量下降，粗蛋白含量增加。相关性分析说明，直链淀粉含量较低的Y两优2号蒸煮食味品质较好，可能是其弱势粒的最大灌浆速率（G_max）和平均灌浆速率（G_mean）高于两优培九所引起的。施氮后弱势籽粒灌浆时间的延长和达到最大灌浆速率时粒重的增加可以提高中籼稻的碾磨品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质。

Abstract:

Nitrogen is one of the important factors for high yield of rice. Apart from high yield, high quality has become the current urgent demand for rice production. Grain-filling stage is crucial for rice yield and quality formation. However, the effect of nitrogen on grain-filling characteristics and the relationship of grain-filling characteristics and rice quality of mid-season indica rice were still unclear. A field experiment was carried out to ascertain the critical grain-filling characteristics that contribute to rice milling quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality under nitrogen applications. The results showed that nitrogen applications prolonged the duration of superior and inferior grain filling. The mean grain-filling rate (G_mean) and the maximum grain-filling rate (G_max) of the inferior grains were positively correlated with chalky kernel rate, chalkiness, and amylose content. The time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate (T_max G) of the inferior grains was positively correlated with brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head milled rice rate. Chalky kernel rate and chalkiness were negatively correlated with peak paste viscosity and breakdown viscosity. Less amylose content and more crude protein content were detected in nitrogen application of Liangyoupei 9 and Y Liangyou 2 both in 2016 and 2017. According to the correlation analysis, better cooking and eating quality of Y Liangyou 2 which had less amylose content might result from its higher G_maxand G_mean of inferior grain than that of Liangyoupei 9 in the treatments of nitrogen application. These results indicated that the prolonging grain-filling duration and increasing grain weight at the maximum grain-filling rate of inferior grains contributed to the improvement of milling quality, appearance quality, and cooking and eating quality of mid-season indica rice under appropriate nitrogen applications.

Key words: mid-season indica rice , grain-filling rate , rice quality , nitrogen

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(6): 1465-1473.

ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Yan-yan, SONG Ning-yuan, CHEN Qiu-li, SUN Hong-zheng, PENG Ting, HUANG Song, ZHAO Quan-zhi. Response of grain-filling rate and grain quality of mid-season indica rice to nitrogen application[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(6): 1465-1473.

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