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2470 XU Bing-qin et al. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019, 18(11): 2457–2471 multi-step component system consisting of several genes regulating various pathways to withstand or recover from stress. The significant increases of transcriptional levels of ROS system components and hormone metabolism in turn revealed the defensive function of these related enzymes and hormones in mitigating drought stress in foxtail millet. Meanwhile, some key genes participating in chlorophyll synthesis, proline synthesis, soluble sugar synthesis, and other defense-related pathways can assist foxtail millet in resisting drought. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-06-13.5-A26), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371529), and the Minor Grain Crops Research and Development System of Shaanxi Province, China (2014–2017). 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