JIA-2018-09

2068 ZHANG Shuai et al. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018, 17(9): 2066–2073 unambiguously aligned and no insertions or deletions were found. The sequence covered 46 variable sites, 27 of which were parsimony informative sites, and 17 of which were singleton variable sites (Fig. 1). The 3 most frequent haplotypes were Hap1, found in 568 individuals, Hap4, found in 212 individuals, and Hap 3, found in 116 individuals. Those top 3 most frequent haplotypes were found in 896 individuals, which represented 85.7% of all individuals. There were 36 haplotypes that were found in only 1 individual, which amounted to 63.2% of all haplotypes (Fig. 2). 3.2. Haplotypes in different host plants The haplotypes of 9 host plants were analyzed. The number of haplotypes (Nh) of each host was significantly variable; the average Nh over all 9 populations was 10.44, ranging from 2 to 21, which were in populations on S . japonica and zucchini, respectively. The average nucleotide diversity found over all 9 populations was 0.263%, ranging from 0.084 to 0.385%, which were in populations on pomegranate and kidney bean, respectively. The haplotype diversity (Hd) ranged from 0.095 to 0.800. The highest haplotype diversity value was observed in populations on Chinese prickly ash. The populations of cucumber and zucchini also showed the highest haplotype diversity with 0.795 and 0.737, respectively. The lowest haplotype diversity values were observed in populations on S . japonica ; populations on hibiscus and muskmelon also had a lower diversity with values of 0.155 and 0.401, respectively (Table 1). In this study, the number of haplotypes on 3 aphid populations from primary hosts of hibiscus, pomegranate, and Chinese prickly ash were 77, 4, and 20, respectively. The wingless aphid populations on hibiscus collected in November contained all 3 haplotypes. The winged aphid populations on pomegranate collected in April contained all 4 haplotypes (Hap1, Hap4, Hap10, Hap11). The aphid populations on Chinese prickly ash collected at 3 times had 1 common haplotype (Hap1). Wingless aphid populations in November contained more haplotypes (9 unique haplotypes) than the other 2 sampling times of wingless (in April; 3 haplotypes) and winged (in November; 4 haplotypes) aphids (Fig. 3-A). Four aphid populations on zucchini collected at 3 times had 4 common haplotypes (Hap1, Hap3, Hap4, Hap16). Winged aphid populations in May contained fewer haplotypes than at the other 3 times, which had 4 haplotypes. All 4 haplotypes were found in the wingless aphid populations in May, with 7, 5, and 4 unique haplotypes in winged August, winged September, and wingless May populations, respectively (Fig. 3-B). Hap1 Hap2 Hap3 Hap4 Hap5 Hap6 Hap7 Hap8 Hap9 Hap10 Hap11 Hap12 Hap13 Hap14 Hap15 Hap16 Hap17 Hap18 Hap19 Hap20 Hap21 Hap22 Hap23 Hap24 Hap25 Hap26 Hap27 Hap28 Hap29 Hap30 Hap31 Hap32 Hap33 Hap34 Hap35 Hap36 Hap37 Hap38 Hap39 Hap40 Hap41 Hap42 Hap43 Hap44 Hap45 Hap46 Hap47 Hap48 Hap49 Hap50 Hap51 Hap52 Hap53 Hap54 Hap55 Hap56 Hap57 Fig. 1 Cytb and 16S gene haplotypes and variable sites of Aphis gossypii populations. The 46 variable sites were nt_6, nt_71, nt_119, nt_121, nt_123, nt_195, nt_198, nt_206, nt_212, nt_218, nt_245, nt_267, nt_269, nt_275, nt_276, nt_326, nt_329, nt_337, nt_339, nt_360, nt_370, nt_372, nt_404, nt_414, nt_433, nt_435, nt_449, nt_455, nt_470, nt_474, nt_488, nt_491, nt_515, nt_516, nt_518, nt_520, nt_523, nt_532, nt_538, nt_541, nt_542, nt_543, nt_544, nt_547, and nt_552.