JIA-2018-09

1923 Yanbo Huang et al. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018, 17(9): 1915–1931 expanding down the FLFL remote sensing datamanagement structure. The FLTL structure is used to block the images on the sphere surface of the earth and the images are from high-resolution satellite sensors, high-resolution airborne sensors and ultra-high-resolution UAV-based sensors with the pixel resolution from 5.57 m to 1 mm. Any images in coarser or finer resolutions can be further handled with expansion of the high-resolution and low-resolution ends of the FLTL structure. Table 4 illustrates the scheme for remote sensing data blocking with the FLTL structure. From the table, it can be seen that at the end of the highest resolution the pixel resolution is 1 mm, with which a 1:1.5 image map can be made. Now this can be created with a small UAV flying super low at like 1–3 m with a high-resolution portable camera such as GoPro Hero4 action camera (GoPro, San Mateo, CA, USA). Fig. 2 shows the FLTL image blocks of a CIR (Color- Infrared) mosaic image of a number of images taken by a MS 4100 3-CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) multispectral camera (Optech, Inc., West Henrietta, NY, USA). The images were taken at an altitude over about 300 m to cover part of the mechanization research farm of USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Crop Production Systems Research Unit in Stoneville, Mississippi. The area Table 3 FLFL (five-layer-fifteen-level) remote sensing data blocking Layer Level Block size ( ° ) Sphere dimension (km) Pixel size (m) Scale 1 1 50 5 566.00 5 566.00 1:50000 000 2 25 2 783.00 2 783.00 1:25 000 000 3 10 1 113.20 1 113.20 1:10 000 000 2 4 5 556.60 556.60 1:5000 000 5 2.5 278.30 278.30 1:2500 000 6 1 111.32 111.32 1:1000 000 3 7 0.5 55.66 55.66 1:500000 8 0.25 27.83 27.83 1:250000 9 0.1 11.13 11.13 1:100000 4 10 0.05 5.57 5.57 1:50 000 11 0.025 2.78 2.78 1:25 000 12 0.01 1.11 1.11 1:10 000 5 13 0.005 0.56 0.56 1:5000 14 0.0025 0.28 0.28 1:2 500 15 0.001 0.11 0.11 1:1 000 –90.8720° –90.8670° –90.8695° 33.4425° 33.4450° 33.4475° 33.4500° Original image Blocked mosaic image (1:2 500) N Fig. 2 MS 4100 CIR image FLTL (four-layer-twelve-level) blocking.