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Framing the Spatio-Temporal Changes in Global Cultivated Land Using GlobeLand30     CHEN Jun Scientia Agricultura Sinica   2018,51(6 ):1089 -1090. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.06.008 Abstract  （242） HTML （9） PDF（pc） （221KB）（667） Save Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics

Spatio-Temporal Changes in Global Cultivated Land over 2000-2010     HU Qiong, WU WenBin, XIANG MingTao, CHEN Di, LONG YuQiao, SONG Qian, LIU YiZhu, LU Miao, YU QiangYi Scientia Agricultura Sinica   2018,51(6 ):1091 -1105. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.06.009 Abstract  （528） HTML （19） PDF（pc） （4233KB）（1477） Save 【Objective】This study is to analyze the spatial distribution and spatio-temporal change patterns of global cultivated land so as to provide important insights for national food security decision-making and global ecological environment monitoring. 【Method】To do so, this study analyzed the spatial distribution of global cultivated land in 2010, spatio-temporal change patterns of global cultivated land area and land use intensification during 2000-2010 by using eight statistical indicators, i.e., cultivated land area, changed area, standard deviation of changed area, percentage change of area, cultivated land area per capita, multiple cropping index, change and percentage change of multiple cropping index at three statistical scales, i.e., continent, country and 1°×1° grid. 【Result】The analysis results show the global total cultivated land area is 193 890.00×104 hm2 , which accounts for 14.31% of global total land area. The global average cultivated area per capital is 0.28 hm2 in 2010, among which Oceania ranks first (1.71 hm2) and Asia comes last (0.17 hm2). Regions in [10oN-45oN, 65oE-125oE], [40oN-55oN, 15oE-55oE] and [15oS-45oS, 45oW-70oW] have the largest cultivated land area over the world. The top ten countries with largest cultivated land area are: China, the United States, India, Russia, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, Canada, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, among which Russia, Canada, Argentina and Australia are also among the top ten countries in cultivated area per capita. During 2000-2010, global cultivated land has a slight increase of 2.19%, among which America has the largest increase in cultivated land area, with a increase of 2 128.14×104 hm2, and Africa has the biggest increase rate and spatial variation of cultivated land area, with increase percentage of 7.42%. Among the global top ten countries with the largest cultivated land area, China is the only country where cultivated land area declined during 2000-2010, with the decrease percentage of 0.95%, and Brazil and Argentina changed most both in total cultivated land area and spatial area distribution, and the United States has the least change both in total area and percentage change of area. Regions with the highest agricultural cropping intensity concentrated in South-east Asia, Central America and West Africa, all of which have multiple cropping index of more than 200%. Five countries of the top ten with the largest cultivated land area show increase in multiple cropping index from 2000 to 2010, among which Brazil and Kazakhstan increased most and Russia decreased most. 【Conclusion】Global cultivated land generally keeps stable during this period, but there is obvious difference across regions and nations. Our study analyzed the current status of global cultivated land distribution and its change during 2000-2010 based on the 30 meter global land cover data. The results in this study provide important information and data for studies of global water resources use, global production change and food security in the future. Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics

Changes of Cultivated Land Utilization Pattern in Asia from 2000 to 2010     CHEN Di, WU WenBin, ZHOU QingBo, HU Qiong, XIANG MingTao, LU Miao, YU QiangYi Scientia Agricultura Sinica   2018,51(6 ):1106 -1120. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.06.010 Abstract  （274） HTML （14） PDF（pc） （5355KB）（954） Save 【Objective】Asia has the largest population, the biggest cultivated land quantity, and a lot of developing countries. The change characteristics of Asian cultivated land utilization are related to national and global grain production fluctuation, and impact on world food security. By analyzing Asian cultivated land utilization pattern change, the understanding of Asian cultivated land utilization pattern was deepened, the change characteristics and laws were mastered scientifically. It provides the basis for Asian agricultural land system research.【Method】Based on the FAOSTAT statistics data and the latest China's 30 meter resolution global land cover data product (GlobeLand30) in 2000 and 2010, two indicator groups were built to analyze the change characteristics of cultivated land utilization pattern in Asia during 2000-2010, including cultivated land quantity indicator group and cultivated land use pattern indicator group. Six indicators which selected from two indicator groups were calculated, including cultivated land area, multiple cropping index and fragmentation index in 2010 and their change percentage during ten years. The change characteristics of cultivated land quantity, multiple cropping index and fragmentation index from 2000 to 2010 were discussed from three scales, including the country level, geographical zones and the county level. 【Result】 Results showed: the cultivated land area of Asia was 69 827.94×104 hm2 in 2010; during the past ten years, the cultivated land loss was 62.62×104 hm2, and area of Asian cultivated land generally increased by 0.09% with decrease of cultivated land in East Asia and increase of other regions of Asia. The growth rate of Southeast Asia was biggest and West Asia was the most active area of cultivated land increase and decrease. In Asia, 60% of the countries' cultivated land has increased, and 80% of the countries' cultivated land has changed from -5.00% to 5.00%. From 2000 to 2010, the multiple cropping index increased 7.77% in Asia, and the change percentage was 9.00%. It also increased in every geographical zones of Asia. More than two-thirds of the countries' multiple cropping index has increased, but western Asia's Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Cyprus and other countries have seen a significant reduction. The areas of Asian fragmented cultivated land were mostly concentrated in southern China, Japan, the Philippines and Afghanistan, while India, North China Plain and the Northeast agricultural reclamation area have large parcels. The change percentage of fragmentation index in Asia was 1.12% with increased acutely in Southeast Asia but declined dramatically in Central Asia and South Asia. Over half of countries in Asia had the decreased fragmentation index. In China, during the past decade, cultivated land quantity declined 0.95%, multiple cropping index increased 6.01%, and fragmentation index increased 2.17%. The south region had the high fragmentation index, but main grain production regions, such as North China plain, the northeast land reclamation district and Chengdu plain, had the low fragmentation index. The fragmentation index of economically developed areas in the east and north China increased, but decreased in Hunan and Jiangxi Province. 【Conclusion】 Generally speaking, the change of Asian cultivated land quantity was relatively steady, and the area increased slightly. The multiple cropping index showed high in the south and low in the north. It was a remarkable fact that the growth rate in Southeast Asia was higher than other regions, and the multiple cropping index reduced in northwest of Asia. It was indicated that the cultivated land utilization ratio in Asia had a great improvement. The fragmentation index of Asia increased little in the past decade. Over half of the countries’ cultivated land had the large-scale development. As the key agricultural district of Asia, the cultivated land of China reduced slightly and became more broken, but the cultivated land utilization has increased substantially. Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics

Spatial-Temporal Changes in Cultivated Lands in Europe over 2000-2010     XIANG MingTao, WU WenBin, HU Qiong, CHEN Di, LU Miao, YU QiangYi Scientia Agricultura Sinica   2018,51(6 ):1121 -1133. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.06.011 Abstract  （313） HTML （4） PDF（pc） （6432KB）（349） Save 【Objective】Aimed at exploring quantity, range, spatial position and conversion types of cultivated land change in Europe over 2000-2010, the study scientifically described general characteristics of cultivated lands in Europe during the ten years. 【Method】Based on GlobeLand30, mathematical statistics method, spatial analysis of GIS and batch processing of Python were applied to compute multi-dimensional indicators, such as quantity, range, variance of cultivated land change, cultivation index, as well as conversion-in rate and conversion-out rate of cultivated land area. 【Result】The total cultivated land area of Europe in 2010 was 42820.84×104 hm2. Different region had different proportions: east Europe (51.17%), south Europe (19.07%), central Europe (13.62%), west Europe (13.31%), and north Europe (2.83%). The distribution of cultivated land in Europe was relatively concentrated. The European cultivated land Top 10 countries composed 82.17% of European total cultivated land in 2010. Generally the cultivated land area increased 220.90×104 hm2 over 2000-2010 in Europe and the percentage was only 0.52%. To be specific, the foot of mountains and the sides of rivers were the expansion areas, but cultivated lands in the high altitudes and cold climate. The cultivated lands in north Europe (1.25%), east Europe (0.88%) and west Europe (0.64%) increased in different degrees, while the rest decreased. In north and east Europe, the change of cultivated land area was drastic within a country, while it was opposite in west and central Europe. In south Europe, the change of cultivated land area varied from country to country. The total cultivation index of Europe in 2010 was 18.71%. And five geographical zones ranked from high to low were: west Europe (61.17%), central Europe (57.64%), south Europe (49.24%), east Europe (12.20%), and north Europe (9.16%). Furthermore, the conversion between cultivated lands and other lands cover types only accounted for 4%, among which the conversion between cultivated land and forest, grassland, shrubland, artificial surfaces were the most obvious. In east Europe, vast grassland conversed most to cultivated land, while what conversed most to cultivated land in south Europe, west Europe and central Europe was artificial surface. 【Conclusion】Cultivated lands in Europe mainly concentrated in East Europe, while certain countries located in islands, mountainous areas and cold climate zones had few cultivated lands. At a spatial scale, cultivated lands in Europe appeared stable in the majority with some small change. Generally the change of cultivated land area was mild within a country but still had marked regional difference. During the ten years, the increases of cultivation index were slight. Although the proportion of conversion between cultivated land and other land cover was small, it still had predominantly regional difference. Tiny increase in forest and artificial surfaces but sharp reduction in grassland in contrast caused potential pressure to ecological environmental protection and sustainable development of cultivated lands. The findings could provide scientific support to the national agricultural trade, the “Agricultural Going-out”, utilities of domestic and foreign resources as well as the national strategy of propelling “The Belt and Road”. Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics

Changes in Africa’s Cultivated Land Use and Its Eco-Environmental Factors Over 2000-2010     ZHANG Li, WU WenBin, SONG Qian, ZONG ZhaoWei, HU Qiong, XIANG MingTao, LU Miao Scientia Agricultura Sinica   2018,51(6 ):1144 -1155. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.06.013 Abstract  （334） HTML （8） PDF（pc） （1479KB）（458） Save 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to investigate the arable land resources of Africa, the second largest continent in the world, to accurately reveal the dynamic changes in cultivated land use and its eco-environmental factors over 2000-2010. 【Method】 The 2000 and 2010 Africa’s cultivated land layers of GlobeLand30, the world's first global land cover datasets at a 30 m resolution, were combined to understand the area, spatial pattern and intensive use changes in cultivated land at different scales and regions. 【Result】 During 2000-2010, the total cultivated land in Africa had increased by 1 540.06×104 hm2, with a net change rate of 7.42%. At regional level, Central Africa (10.42%) had the largest change rate of cultivated land use, which was followed by East Africa (9.49%), West Africa (7.55%), North Africa (6.74%) and South Africa (4.86%). The top ten countries with largest increase of cultivated land area were: Nigeria, Tanzania, Sudan, Kenya, Mozambique, Chad, Algeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Burkina Faso, while Cote d’Ivoire, Mali, Angola, Ghana, Malawi, Tunisia, Burundi, Rwanda, Congo, and South Africa were the top ten countries with largest decreased cultivated land area. The multiple cropping index was 98.11% in 2010 and its change rate was 13.54% during 2000-2010. There was obvious difference in cultivated land change across regions. In general, cultivated land increased at longitude or latitude zones, among which the Eastern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere increased most. The increased cultivated land was mainly from forest, grassland and shrub, accounting for 15.19%, 66.37% and 11.20%, respectively, while the decreased cultivated is due to the conversion from cultivated land to forest, grassland and shrub, accounting for 21.15%, 61.19% and 11.78%, respectively. The area of increased cultivated land was much larger than the decreased cultivated land. In terms of the relationships between cultivated land change and eco-environment factors, the most obvious change in cultivated land were at zones with average temperature of 20-30 ºC and an average annual precipitation of 600-1 200 mm, and zones with elevation of 500-1 000 m and slope of less than 2 degrees. 【Conclusion】 The cultivated land area as well as its spatial patterns in Africa changed significantly over 2000-2010, and there were obvious differences across regions and countries. This study has explored the change characteristics of spatio-temporal patterns of cultivated land in Africa, the results of which provides the essential information for analyzing the spatial distribution of global cultivated land and understanding the change patterns and associated differences across different regions. It can also offer scientific guidance on agricultural decision making and land ownership adjustment in regions with significant cultivated land change so as to improve its food production and to guarantee the global food security. Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics

Change in Cultivated Land Use Pattern in Oceania Based on GlobeLand30     CAO JunJun, WU WenBin, LIU YiZhu, HU Qiong, CHEN Di, XIANG MingTao, ZHOU QingBo Scientia Agricultura Sinica   2018,51(6 ):1156 -1166. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.06.014 Abstract  （351） HTML （10） PDF（pc） （2673KB）（605） Save 【Objective】The cultivated land change are more intense due to the latitudes of Oceania North and South have significant differences in climate and various types of food production in response to climate change is extremely sensitive. This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal changes of the cultivated land use pattern in Oceania, and scientifically grasps its characteristics and laws, which provides useful reference for the utilization of cultivated land and the development of grain policy.【Method】To do that, GlobeLand30, the two global 30 meters land cover remote sensing data product with 2000 and 2010 data, is newly constructed to establish three index sets, such as cultivated land quantity index, cultivated land use pattern index and cultivated land conversion index. The characteristics of cultivated land use in Oceania from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed from multiple angles: the national scale, 10 km×10 km grid scale and 30 m pixel scale.【Result】From the perspective of the change of cultivated land area, the cultivated area of Oceania increased by 3.79% from 2000 to 2010, and the largest increase in cultivated land area was Australia, with an increase of 5.39%. The largest additions of the area were mainly concentrated in the upper reaches of the Murray-Darling River Basin, east of the Oita Mountains in Australia. The area of reduced cultivated land was mainly in the northern islands of New Zealand, the east coast of Australia, and the eastern island of Papua New Guinea. The average per capita cultivated land in the major countries decreased by 21.47% and the largest decrease in farmland per capita was New Caledonia. From the perspective of the change of cultivated land use intensity, the average cropping index of major countries increased by 20.63%, and the average fragmentation of cultivated land decreased by 22.88%. The coordination degree of the cultivated area - compound index is more elastic. There are obvious differences in the driving mechanism of cultivated land fragmentation between Australia and New Zealand. In terms of the conversion characteristics of cultivated land types, Australia was the country with the largest change of cultivated land area in 2000 and 2010. In 2000, the change area transferred out of the total cultivated land was 630.25×104 hm2, and conversion to grassland accounted for 74.77% of all other outbound areas. In 2010, the total cultivated area transferred from the grassland was 544.95×104 hm2, accounting for 59.72% of the total transferred land area. In the whole continent, the conversion area between cultivated land and grassland was the largest, but the net increase in cultivated land was the largest contribution to the shrub land, a net increase of 165.03×104 hm2.【Conclusion】In general, the change of cultivated land area in Oceania is more intense, the intensity of cultivated land use is overall improved, the conversion of cultivated land and grassland is the most frequent. Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics