Scientia Agricultura Sinica

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Transcriptome Analysis During Flower Bud Differentiation of ‘Red Globe’ Grape

LIU Xin1, ZHANG YaHong2*, YUAN Miao1, DANG ShiZhuo1, ZHOU Juan1 #br#   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021; 2School of Food & Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
  • Published:2022-06-24

Abstract: 【Objective‘Red Globe’ grape is an important fruit tree species of China. Flower bud differentiation directly affects the quality and quantity of this grape. Its developmental stages S1 (undifferentiated), S2 (flower anlagen development), S3 (formation of the main cob of inflorescence), and S4 (formation of the second cob of inflorescence) during flower bud differentiation under natural growth conditions were compared and analyzed in this study. Evaluating the mechanism of flower bud differentiation of this grape variant and mining the essential genes can provide a theoretical basis for understanding the flower bud differentiation of this grape species. 【MethodMorphological observation, phytohormone determination, and transcriptome sequencing analysis were performed on the buds of four developmental stages during flower bud differentiation of the Red Globe grape. 【ResultA total of 13 729 differentially expressed genes were determined during the flower bud differentiation process of the Red Globe grape, which included 4 158, 2 050, 3 425, and 7 652 genes in S1–S2, S2–S3, S3–S4, and S1–S4, respectively. In the enrichment-regulation network of the S1–S4 differential genes, differential genes were found to be enriched in the hormone-mediated signaling pathways, abscisic acid metabolism, acid chemical reactions, plant cell wall tissues, or biogenesis. Several genes related to auxin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid were detected in the hormone-mediated signaling pathway. The results revealed that the content of auxin was the highest in S2 and the lowest in S3 and S4. Gibberellin content decreased continuously during flower bud differentiation, 80% of that at S4 in S1; abscisic acid content was higher in S1 and S4 and lowest in S2. In addition, the S1–S4 differential genes belonged to the transcription factor families (MYB, ERF, bHLH, and MADS-box), indicating that these family genes were involved in the flower bud differentiation of the Red Globe grape. Further analysis of the 13 differentially expressed MADS-box genes revealed upregulated expressions of MADS8, AGL65, AGL15, AGL12, and MADS2 during flower bud differentiation. In contrast, the expressions of AGL30, LeMADS, FBP24, AGL14, and MADS3 were downregulated. These MADS-box genes were verified via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the expression trend was found to be consistent with the corresponding transcriptome. 【ConclusionFlower bud differentiation of the Red Globe grape is a complex biological process. The plant hormone-mediated signaling pathways and the MADS-box family genes play essential roles in flower bud differentiation. These results provide information about transcription factors, genes, and hormones to help understand this complex developmental process and provide a theoretical basis for establishing a comprehensive model for flower bud differentiation in the Red Globe grape.


Key words: ‘Red Globe’ grapes, flower bud differentiation, transcriptome sequencing, plant hormone, MADs-box

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