中国农业科学

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最新录用:海南典型稻菜轮作区和香蕉园氮磷盈余及土壤硝态氮累积

赵永鉴,张博飞,张翀,巨晓棠   

  1. 海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228
  • 发布日期:2023-05-23

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Surplus and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in Typical Rice-Vegetable Rotation and Banana Garden in Hainan

ZHAO YongJian, ZHANG BoFei, ZHANG Chong*, JU XiaoTang* #br#   

  1. College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228
  • Online:2023-05-23

摘要: 【目的】海南省是我国稻菜轮作和香蕉种植面积较大的省份,农户投入的氮(N)和磷(P)肥远超过了作物的养分需求,对海南生态环境可能造成不利影响。研究海南典型作物体系氮磷输入、输出、盈余及土壤硝态氮累积,为评价其养分损失及环境影响、提高养分管理水平提供科学依据。【方法】2021—2022选取海南稻菜轮作和香蕉种植典型区域澄迈县为研究区,确定20个稻菜轮作田块和15个香蕉园。采用跟踪记录的方法获取所有地块的化肥施用量、有机肥施用量和秸秆还田方式及还田量等信息。采用跟踪采样的方法测定作物生物量及其养分含量。采用文献调研的方法获取研究区域土壤-作物体系养分沉降和生物固氮等其他来源数据。选取5个旱地香蕉园,采用土钻法采集土壤并测定0400 cm土壤剖面硝态氮累积量。【结果】海南典型稻菜轮作区氮肥和磷肥投入量分别为1 308 kg·hm-2(化肥和有机肥分别为975333 kg·hm-2)和515 kg·hm-2(化肥和有机肥分别为385 130 kg·hm-2)(养分投入均以纯N和纯P计);作物地上部吸氮量和吸磷量分别为24848 kg·hm-2;稻菜轮作区氮素和磷素盈余分别为1 197483 kg·hm-2。香蕉园氮肥和磷肥投入量分别为1 339 kg·hm-2(化肥和有机肥分别为1 29347 kg·hm-2)和447 kg·hm-2(化肥和有机肥分别为4425 kg·hm-2);香蕉地上部吸氮量和吸磷量分别为24223 kg·hm-2,氮素和磷素盈余分别为1 270435 kg·hm-2。香蕉园0400 cm壤剖面硝态氮累积量为1 131 kg N·hm-2。【结论】过量施用氮肥和磷肥,导致了海南典型区土壤-作物体系存在大量的养分盈余,旱地土壤也累积了大量的硝态氮。海南以较大的养分损失和环境代价生产热带高值水果和蔬菜,未来必须优化农田养分管理措施等以保障其生态环境安全。


关键词: 稻-菜轮作, 香蕉园, 氮磷盈余, 硝态氮累积

Abstract: 【ObjectiveHainan is the province with a large area of rice-vegetable rotation and banana cultivation in China, but the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers input by farmers are far exceed the nutrient requirements of crops, which may have a negative impact on Hainan's ecological environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the N and P surpluses, and soil nitrate accumulation in typical cropping systems in Hainan, thus to provide scientific basis for evaluating nutrient losses and their impacts and achieving sustainable nutrient management. MethodIn 2021-2022, a typical area for rice-vegetable rotation and banana cultivation in Chengmai Hainan, was selected as the research area and 20 rice-vegetable rotation plots and 15 banana orchards were identified. The information of chemical and organic fertilizer application, straw returning method and amount of above field were obtained by real-time record of farmers’ agricultural activities, crop biomass and the nutrient content were determined at crop harvest, and other nutrient input include nutrient deposition and biological N fixation were obtained by literature survey. Five banana orchards were selected and soil was collected by soil auger method and nitrate N accumulation was measured in the 0-400 cm soil profile.ResultThe N and P fertilizer inputs to the rice-vegetable rotation were 1308 kg N·hm-2 (975 of chemical and 333 of organic fertilizer) and 515 kg P·hm-2 (385 of chemical and 130 of organic fertilizer); the aboveground N and P uptake of the crop were 248 kg N·hm-2 and 48 kg P·hm-2; the surplus of N and P in rice and vegetable rotation was 1197 kg N·hm-2 and 483 kg P·hm-2. The N and P fertilizer inputs to banana orchards were 1339 kg N·hm-2 (1293 kg N·hm-2 of chemical and 47 of organic fertilizer) and 447 kg P·hm-2 (442 of chemical and 5 of organic fertilizer); the aboveground N and P uptake were 242 kg N·hm-2 and 23 kg P·hm-2; the banana N and P surpluses were 1 270 kg N·hm-2 and 435 kg P·hm-2. The nitrate-N accumulation in the 0-400 cm soil profile of banana orchards was 1 131 kg N·hm-2.ConclusionExcessive application of N and P fertilizers has led to the large nutrient surplus in typical soil-crop systems in Hainan, and large amount of nitrate-N has accumulated in banana orchard in the deep soil layer. Hainan produces typical high-value fruit and vegetables at the cost of large nutrient losses and negative environmental impacts, optimized nutrient management should be implemented to ensure its environmental safety..


Key words: rice-vegetable rotation, banana orchard, nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses, nitrate nitrogen accumulation