中国农业科学

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最新录用:土壤施用钝化剂与复合微生物肥对冬小麦镉积累的影响

王宇1,宋一凡1,张荣1,牟海萌1,孙丽芳1,付凯霞1,武紫君1,黄青青2,徐应明2,李鸽子1,3,王永华1,3*,郭天财1,3*   

  1. 1河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心,郑州4500462农业农村部环境保护科研监测所/农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室,天津3001913河南粮食作物协同创新中心,郑州450046
  • 发布日期:2023-05-22

Effects of Soil Application of Passivating Agent and Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Cd Accumulation in Winter Wheat

WANG Yu1, SONG YiFan1, ZHANG Rong1, MU HaiMeng1, SUN LiFang1, FU KaiXia1, WU ZiJun1, HUANG QingQing2, XU YingMing2, LI GeZi1,3, WANG YongHua1,3*, GUO TianCai1,3* #br#   

  1. 1Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450046; 2 Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191; 3Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou 450046
  • Online:2023-05-22

摘要: 【目的】研究土壤施用钝化剂与复合微生物肥对豫北轻度镉污染弱碱性农田土壤中镉活性的钝化效果,及其对冬小麦品种不同器官间镉积累转运和产量的影响特征,旨在探索高效修复镉污染土壤、降低冬小麦籽粒镉含量的修复材料,以及筛选低镉积累小麦品种,以期为豫北镉轻度污染弱碱性农田的小麦安全高效生产提供技术支撑。【方法】于2020―2022年连续两个冬小麦生长季,在豫北镉污染弱碱性农田设置不同土壤修复材料(CK:不进行土壤修复处理,CMF:复合微生物肥单施处理,GP:土壤钝化剂单施处理,CMF+GP:复合微生物肥和土壤钝化剂等量配施处理)和6个冬小麦品种(鑫华麦818、漯麦163、郑麦9023、鑫麦296、郑麦136、郑麦7698)的两因素裂区田间大区对比试验,研究土壤有效态镉、冬小麦地上部各器官镉含量、富集系数、转运系数及其相关性、冬小麦产量及其构成因素的变化。【结果】(1)在连续两年冬小麦生长季,与CK相比,钝化剂和复合微生物肥的单施和等量配施均可降低土壤有效态镉含量,CMF+GP处理的效果最好,可使6个供试品种的根系表层土壤有效态镉含量显著降低17.6%22.4%土壤有效态镉含量降低与冬小麦地上部各器官镉含量的变化具有相关性,且不同品种的同一器官间也存在一定差异。(2土壤钝化剂和复合微生物肥单施和等量配施可使鑫华麦818、漯麦163、郑麦9023降低TF茎鞘-TF茎鞘-籽粒,增大TF茎鞘-穗轴+颖壳TF-穗轴+颖壳,使BCF茎鞘BCF降低、使小麦体内镉含量向穗轴+颖壳转移,以减小BCF籽粒与之不同的是,未能有效降低鑫麦296TF茎鞘-BCF茎鞘,增大了郑麦136、郑麦7698BCF茎鞘。(3)土壤施用钝化剂和复合微生物肥可综合调控冬小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,提高冬小麦产量,但土壤修复处理与品种的方差分析结果表明两者的交互作用主要是通过调控穗数实现增产。CMF+GP处理中郑麦136连续两个冬小麦生长季的产量均为当季所有处理最高值,分别为7 317.1710 485.32 kg·hm-2。【结论】施用复合微生物肥与土壤钝化剂可降低豫北弱碱性轻度镉污染麦田冬小麦根际土壤有效态镉含量,调控冬小麦各器官对土壤镉的富集系数及各器官转运系数。复合微生物肥和土壤钝化剂等量配施处理优于单施处理,可最大程度降低冬小麦籽粒镉含量,并显著提高参试冬小麦品种产量,且与本试验筛选出的低镉积累高产品种郑麦136搭配种植模式,可实现豫北弱碱性镉污染农田冬小麦的高产栽培与安全生产。


关键词: 冬小麦, 土壤镉污染, 土壤镉钝化剂, 复合微生物肥, 石灰性潮土

Abstract: 【ObjectiveThe passivation effect of passivator and compound microbial fertilizer on Cd activity in slightly Cd-polluted weak alkaline farmland soil in northern Henan Province was studied, and their effects on Cd accumulation and translocation in different organs and yield of winter wheat, The purpose of this study was to explore soil remediation materials for efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soil, to reduce Cd content in winter wheat grains, and to screen wheat varieties with low Cd accumulation, In order to provide technical support for the safe and efficient production of wheat in lightly polluted weak alkaline farmland in northern Henan Province.MethodIn two consecutive winter wheat growing seasons among 2020-2022, two-factor split field comparison experiments of different soil remediation materials (CK, no soil remediation treatment; CMF, single application of compound microbial fertilizer; GP, single application of soil passivator; CMF+GP, combinaiton of compound microbial fertilizer and soil passivator) and six winter wheat varieties (Xinhuamai818, Luomai 163, Zhengmai 9023, Xinmai 296, Zhengmai 136, and Zhengmai 7698) in northern Henan were set up and used in the weakly Cd-polluted alkaline farmland. Available Cd in soil, Cd contents in aboveground organs of wheat plants, enrichment coefficient (BCF), transport coefficient (TF), their correlations, and winter wheat yields and its components were measured.Result(1) In two winter wheat growing seasons (2020―2021 and 2021―2022), Single application and equal combination application of passivation agent and compound microbial fertilizer can remarably reduce the contents of available Cd in soil compared with CK. CMF+GP treatment had the best effect, which significantly and effectively reduced the available Cd contents by 17.6%-22.4% in the surface soil of the roots among the six varieties. The decreased available Cd in soil was related to the changes of Cd contents in the aboveground organs of winter wheat plants, and there were also some differences between the same organs of different varieties. (2) Single application of soil passivator and compound microbial fertilizer and equal combined application of soil passivator and compound microbial fertilizer could make Xinhuamai 818, Luomai 163 and Zhengmai 9023 decrease TFstem sheath-leaf, TFstem sheath-grain, increase TFstem sheath-Spike shaft +chaff, TFleaf-Spike shaft+chaff, Reduce BCF stem sheath and BCFleaf, and make wheat body in order to reduce BCF grain, the content of Cd in it shifted to panicle axis + glume. In contrast, they did not reduce TFstem sheath-leaf and BCF Stem sheath of Xinmai 296, whereas increased BCF Stem sheath of Zhengmai 136 and Zhengmai 7698. (3) Application of passivating agents and compound microbial fertilizers in soil could comprehensively regulate the number of ears, grains per ear and 1000-kernel weight of winter wheat plants, and improve the grain yields of winter wheat. However, variance analysis on soil remediation treatment and varieties showed that the increased grain yields in their interactions was mainly due to the increased ear numbers. In CMF+GP treatment, the grain yields of Zhengmai 136 variety was the highest among all treatments, which was 7317.17 kg·hm-2 and 10485.32 kg·hm-2 in two consecutive 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 winter wheat growing seasons, respectively. ConclusionThe application of compound microbial fertilizer and soil passivator can effectively reduce the available Cd contents in the rhizosphere soil with weak alkaline and mild Cd pollution in the north of Henan province, and regulate the enrichment coefficient and transport coefficient of soil Cd in various organs of winter wheat plants. The combination treatment of compound microbial fertilizer and soil passivator with the same applied amounts was better than their single treatments, which can also reduce the Cd content of winter wheat grains to the maximum extent, and significantly improve the yield of winter wheat varieties. In addition, the combination of planting modes combined with the low Cd accumulation and high yield variety Zhengmai 136 screened out in this experiment, can achieve the high grain yields and safe production of winter wheat in the farmland with weak alkaline Cd pollution in northern Henan.


Key words: winter wheat, soil Cd contamination, soil cadmium passivator, compound microbial fertilizer, calcareous fluvo-aquic soil