中国农业科学

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最新录用:西北条锈菌源区冬小麦育种抗条锈病基因的利用现状与策略

白斌1,张怀志2,杜久元1*,张晓洋3,何瑞1,伍玲4,张哲5,张耀辉6,曹世勤1,刘志勇2 #br#   

  1. 1甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,兰州 730070;2中国科学院遗传发育生物学研究所/种子创新研究院,北京 100101;3湖南农业大学苎麻研究所,长沙 410128;4四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都 610066;5华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉 430070;6天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃天水 741000
  • 出版日期:2022-09-29 发布日期:2022-09-29

Current Situation and Strategy of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes Untilization in Winter Wheat Cultivars of Northwest Oversummering Region for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China #br#

BAI Bin1, ZHANG Huaizhi2, DU Jiuyuan1*, ZHANG Xiaoyang3, HE Rui1, WU Ling4, ZHANG Zhe5, ZHANG Yaohui6, CAO Shiqin1, LIU Zhiyong4* #br#   

  1. 1 Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070; 2 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/The Inovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101; 3 Institute of Ramie, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128; 4 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066; 5 College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070; 6 Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute, Tianshui 741000, Gansu
  • Published:2022-09-29 Online:2022-09-29

摘要: 【目的】了解中国小麦条锈病西北重要越夏菌源区甘肃陇东和陇南近20年育成小麦品种中抗条锈病基因利用情况为陇南小麦条锈病遗传多样性控制,持久抗病品种的培育和可持续绿色健康生态农业奠定基础。【方法】2019—2020年2020—2021年种植季117冬小麦品种甘肃和四川郫都区进行成株期抗条锈病鉴定,2021分别利用条锈菌CYR33CYR34对117份品种进行苗期抗条锈病鉴定,并利用分子标记对15个抗条锈病基因进行检测。【结果】田间成株期对条锈菌主要流行致病性混合小种抗病的品种29.1%其中,25.6%为陇南区域品种(系),3.4%为陇东区域品种(系),另有25.6%陇南区域感病品种(系)表现慢病性(严重度<20%)。有70.1%品种苗期对CYR33表现抗病,其中,57.3%为陇南区域品种(系),12.8%为陇东区域品种(系);6.0%品种苗期对CYR34具有抗病性,为陇南区域的兰天1317个品种(系)。苗期和成株期抗病品种(系)2010年后育成的兰天、中梁、天选、兰航选系列品种为主。分子标记检测结合系谱分析,发现抗条锈病基因Yr9Yr10Yr17Yr18Yr26Yr28Yr29Yr30Yr41Yr46YrZH22YrZH84在所有检测品种(系)中的频率分别为49.6%1.7%12.8%7.7%12.8%20.5%10.3%34.2%2.6%16.2%15.4%27.4%且多以基因聚合体形式存在于品种(系)中,62.4%品种(系)中聚合了25个抗条锈病基因,YrZH84YrZH22Yr17中的一个或多个基因与其他抗条锈病基因聚合后,品种(系)的条锈病抗性明显高于其他基因组合此外,在陇南菌源区,以种植小麦为主的山旱地区域(条锈菌越夏区)所推广品种含有Yr10Yr17Yr18Yr28Yr29Yr30Yr41Yr46的频率较高,越冬区川水地推广品种中主要有Yr26Yr30YrZH22YrZH84,越夏区和越冬区品种的抗性遗传背景差异明显,且越夏区品种含有的抗病基因类型多样性高于越冬区。【结论】在越夏菌源区甘肃陇南、陇东的品种(系)抗条锈病基因分布频率、抗病基因类型及数量均有明显提高避免了品种抗病遗传背景单一化问题,实现了品种中的抗病基因较为复杂多样,部分品种的抗病性保持时间长,明陇南地区利用小麦品种遗传多样性控制条锈病策略的实施已初显成效


关键词: 普通小麦, 条锈菌, 西北越夏菌源区, 基因聚合, 持久抗性, 分子标记

Abstract:

ObjectiveEestern and Southern Gansu is one of the epidemic centers of stripe rust and over-summering region for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) with continuous emergening of new Pst races in Northwestern China. The objective of this study is to analyze the genetic architecture of stripe rust resistance in winter wheat cultivars grown in those regions since 1990s for a better genetic diversity control of the disease, breeding of durable resistant cultivars, sustainable green and healthy ecological agriculture in Southern Gansu.MethodThe seedling and adult plant stage resistance to the prevailing Pst races CYR33, CYR34, etc. of 117 wheat cultivars (lines) were evaluated at greenhouse in 2021 and field trials in Qingshui of Gansu and Pixian of Sichuan, respectively, during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 cropping seasons. Molecualr markers for 15 Yr genes were also applied to detect the presence of known stripe rust resistant genes. ResultOf the 117 varieties and lines tested, thirty-four (29.1%) were found to perform adult plant stage resistance (APR) in the field, among of these, 25.6% and 3.4% of cultivars were released in Southern Gansu, and eastern Gansu, respectively. Another 25.6% susceptible cultivars from Southern Gansu exhibited slow rusting with disease severity (DS) less than 20%. Eighty-two cultivars (70.1%) were resistant to the race CYR33 of Pst at the seedling stage. Among them, 67 (57.3%) and 15 (12.8%) were planted in Southern and eastern Gansu, respectively. However, only seven (6.0%) of the total entries were resistant to the dominant race CYR34 at the seedling stage, and all of these were cultivars from Southern Gansu, such as Lantian 131 etc. The stripe rust resistant cultivars named as Lantian, Zhongliang, and Tianxuan series at both seedling and adult plant stages were mainly released after 2010. Molecular markers screening identified the presence of Yr9 (49.6%), Yr10 (1.7%), Yr17 (12.8%), Yr18 (7.7%), Yr26 (12.8%), Yr28 (20.5%), Yr29 (10.3%), Yr30 (34.2%), Yr41 (2.6%), Yr46 (16.2%), YrZH22 (15.4%) and YrZH84 (27.4%) in some cultivars, preferly as 2-5 genes combinations in 73 (62.4%) cultivars. Pyramiding of YrZH84, YrZH22, and Yr17 with other stripe rust resistance genes could provide better disease resistance than other gene combinations. In addition, high frequency of Yr10, Yr17, Yr18, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr41, and Yr46 was detected in wheat cultiuvars grown in the dry highland Pst oversummering region. However, Yr26, Yr30, YrZH22 and YrZH84 were mainly identified in wheat cultuvars of the valley Pst overwintering region, indicating significant genetic architecture difference for the stripe rust resistance genes between the cultivars of the oversummering and overwintering regions. Higher genetic diversity of stripe rust resistance genes was found in the cultivars of the oversummering region, compared with that released in the overwintering region. ConclusionOur results revealed the current status of stripe rust resistance genes and their utilization in winter wheat cultivars of Gansu, the northwest oversummering region for Pst of China, in the past 20 years. Diversification of stripe rust resistance genes have been successfully applied in the winter wheat breeding program to develop commercial wheat cultivars and lines for sustainable control of the stripe rust disease. The development of wheat cultivars with stacked stripe rust resistance genes has solved the historical problem of wheat cultivars with narrow genetic background and mono-resistance gene, domonstrating the successful control of wheat stripe rust epidemics using genetic diversity of wheat resistance gene in this region. The present study provides theoretical basis for genetic diversity control of stripe rust disease and set an example for the sustainable green ecological agriculture by breeding wheat cultivars with durable disease resistance.

Key words: Triticum aestivumPuccinia striiformis f. sp. tritic, oversummering region for Pst pathogen in Northwestern China, gene pyramiding, durable resistance, molecular marker