中国农业科学

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不同配置对辽西玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用的影响

冯晨1,2,黄波3,4,冯良山1,2,郑家明1,2,白伟1,2,杜桂娟1,2,向午燕1,2,蔡倩1,2,张哲1,2,孙占祥1,2
  

  1. 1辽宁省农业科学院 耕作栽培研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110161;2国家农业环境阜新观测实验站,辽宁 阜新,123100;3沈阳农业大学 土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;4.农业农村部国际交流服务中心,北京 100125
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-26 接受日期:2021-04-28 发布日期:2021-06-03

The Effects of Different Configurations on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of Maize-Peanut Intercropping System in West Liaoning

FENG Chen1,2, HUANG Bo3,4,FENG LiangShan1,2, ZHENG JiaMing1,2, BAI Wei1,2, DU GuiJuan1,2, XIANG WuYan1,2, CAI Qian1,2, ZHANG Zhe1,2,SUN ZhanXiang1,2 #br#   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161; 2 National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin 123100, China; College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866;Center of International Cooperation Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
  • Received:2021-02-26 Accepted:2021-04-28 Online:2021-06-03

摘要: 【目的】通过研究不同配置条件下玉米‖花生间作系统地上部氮含量和吸收量,结合间作系统花生结瘤固氮和土壤有效氮分布,明确不同配置下玉米‖花生间作体系对氮素的吸收利用特征,为玉米‖花生间作氮高效利用模式的区域筛选提供依据。【方法】本试验于2015—2016年在国家农业环境阜新观测实验站进行,设置玉米单作M)、花生单作P)2行玉米4行花生间作(M2P4)模式4行玉米4行花生间作(M4P4)模式,玉米单作及每种间作模式下设3种不同玉米种植密度(4000、6000和8000株/667m2),共10个处理,分析了不同配置(行比和密度)玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用特征和优势。【结果】与单作相比,间作玉米和花生植株氮浓度变化并不明显,受作物占地比例影响,间作模式下玉米和花生的氮产量均低于相应单作,并与间作生物产量表现相一致。玉米‖花生间作可以显著提高系统氮的吸收利用(氮吸收当量比NER>1),且主要归因于玉米的养分吸收优势(pNERm0.63~0.80)。随着玉米行比和密度的增加NER也随之增大,其中M4P4模式(NER 1.06~1.22)的氮吸收要显著高于M2P4模式(NER 1.0~1.06)。在玉米‖花生间作系统中,玉米比花生更有竞争力(Amp>0),且竞争吸收氮养分能力也更强(CRmp>1),M4P4行比以及玉米增密有助于增强玉米对氮营养的竞争,增加系统氮养分吸收优势(NU>0)以及间作养分对产量的贡献(C。与玉米间作可促进花生结瘤固氮,M4P4行比配置下花生根瘤数量、单株根瘤重量和单个瘤重均高于M2P4配置,且以中、低密度处理为优。间作系统中土壤有效氮含量(Nmin)表现为花生条带土壤Nmin高于玉米条带,且单作花生土壤Nmin高于间作花生,而单作玉米土壤Nmin低于间作玉米。【结论】玉米‖花生间作可显著提高系统氮的吸收利用,其中玉米对系统氮吸收的贡献较大,适度增加玉米行比和密度有助于增加系统氮素吸收当量比、增强玉米对氮营养的竞争以及间作养分对产量的贡献。综合分析认为,本研究中M4P4-6和M4P4-8为玉米‖花生间作较佳配置,玉米花生种间互作对间作系统干物质量和花生生物固氮的促进,以及玉米在吸收氮养分上的强竞争能力是玉米‖花生间作具有氮素吸收利用优势的重要原因。

关键词: 间作, 配置, 玉米, 花生, 氮吸收利用

Abstract: 【Objective This study clarified the nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics in maize-peanut intercropping by studying the nitrogen concentration, nitrogen uptake, nodulation of peanut and nitrogen distribution under different configuration, which may provide a basis for regional screening and application of N efficient model of maize-peanut intercropping. Method A field study with 10 treatments was conducted in National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment in Fuxin in 2015 and 2016, which including four cropping systems, sole maize (M), sole peanut (P), intercropping system of 2 rows maize and 4 rows peanut (M2P4), intercropping system of 4 rows maize and 4 rows peanut (M4P4). Each maize treatment including three maize densities (6, 9 and 12 plants/m2). The characteristics and advantages of nitrogen uptake and utilization in maize-peanut intercropping system with different configurations (row proportion and maize density) were analyzed. Result Compared with monocropping, the change of N concentration in maize and peanut plants was not significant, the N yield of maize and peanut in intercropping was lower than that in monocropping due to the different proportion of land occupy, and was consistent with intercropping biomass performance. Maize-peanut intercropping significantly increased the system nitrogen uptake (N uptake equivalent ratio NER>1), which was mainly due to the nutrient absorption advantage of maize (pNERm was 0.63~0.80). The NER was increased as the row and density of maize increasing. The nitrogen uptake in M4P4 pattern (NER 1.06~1.22) was significantly higher than that in M2P4 pattern (NER 1.0~1.06). In maize-peanut intercropping system, Maize was more competitive than peanuts (Amp>0), and the competitive ability to absorb nitrogen was also stronger (CRmp>1), M4P4 pattern and maize densification can enhance maize competition for nitrogen, increase the advantage of nitrogen uptake (△NU>0) and the contribution of intercropping nutrients to yield. Intercropping with maize could promote nodule formation of peanut. The number of nodule, weight of nodule per plant and weight per nodule of peanut under M4P4 pattern were higher than those under M2P4 pattern, and medium and low density treatments were better for nodulation. The soil available nitrogen content (Nmin) in the intercropping system was higher in the peanut strip than in the maize strip, and the Nmin in the sole peanut strip was higher than that in the intercropped peanut strip, while the Nmin in the sole maize strip was lower than that in the intercropped maize strip. 【Conclusion Maize-peanut intercropping could significantly improve the nitrogen uptake and utilization in the system, and maize contributed more to the system nitrogen uptake. Moderate increase of maize row ratio and density was beneficial to increase the nitrogen uptake equivalent ratio, enhance maize competition for nitrogen nutrition, and the contribution of intercropping nutrients to yield. In this study, M4P4-6 and M4P4-8 were the better pattern for maize-peanut intercropping, and the contribution rate of nitrogen uptake and utilization to the yield of the system could reach 18%. The promotion of maize/peanut intercropping on dry matter and peanut biological nitrogen fixation, as well as the competitive ability of maize to absorb nitrogen, were the important reasons for the advantages of maize/peanut intercropping in nitrogen utilization.

Key words: Intercropping, Configuration, Maize, Peanut, Nitrogen uptake