最新录用：国内外153份小麦种质条锈病抗性鉴定与评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.220623

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】条锈病是威胁小麦安全生产的重要真菌病害，了解国内外育种材料抗性水平和抗病基因的分布，发掘新的抗性资源，为提高抗病基因利用效率提供依据。【方法】利用中国当前条锈菌优势生理小种CYR33和CYR34对153份国内外小麦育种材料进行苗期抗病鉴定，于2018—2019、2019—2020和2020—2021年，利用生理小种CYR33和CYR34在湖北鄂州分别对供试材料进行成株期鉴定；结合已知抗性基因Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr29和YrSP等功能标记或紧密连锁分子标记检测。【结果】苗期结果显示，10份材料对CYR33表现免疫（反应型IT为0），包括7份国内材料（即山农28、漯麦163、石麦13、中意6号、郯麦98-2、中麦175和泰山21）和3份国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）材料（CIM-53、CIM-60和CIM-71）；仅2份国内材料在苗期对CYR34小种表现免疫（郯麦98-1和山农102）。此外，成株期条锈病田间鉴定显示，64份材料在田间3年均表现出稳定抗性（最终严重度≤5%），包括7份国内材料和57份CIMMYT材料。利用抗病基因功能标记或紧密连锁分子标记检测显示，153份材料中携带Yr9、Yr10、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr29和YrSP抗性基因的材料分别有31、23、73、2、4、50和2份，未检测到任何材料含有Yr5和Yr15。综合苗期和成株期表型，仅CIM-53对2个生理小种在苗期和成株期均表现为免疫（IT=0，严重度为0），分子标记检测显示该材料可能含有已知抗病基因Yr17+Yr29。【结论】国内外153份小麦种质对当前流行的条锈菌生理小种的抗性主要以成株抗性为主，其中国内小麦品种主要携带Yr9、Yr10和Yr26抗性基因，而CIMMYT小麦品系则携带Yr17、Yr8和Yr29为主，表明通过聚合1—2个非免疫苗期抗性基因和2—3个成株抗性基因，在成株期多个环境条件下均表现出近免疫抗锈水平，是CIMMYT小麦品系保持持久抗性的主要原因。亟待广泛挖掘抗源，发掘新的抗病基因，充分利用现代生物技术手段快速培育具有持久抗性且农艺性状优良的小麦新品种，进一步提高中国麦区条锈病整体抗性水平。

关键词: 小麦条锈病, 苗期抗性, 成株抗性, 抗病基因, 分子标记, 抗病性鉴定

Abstract: 【Objective】Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), significantly reduced wheat production worldwide. Breeding resistant wheat varieties is currently considered to be one of the most economical and effective ways to control this disease. Understanding the resistance level of Chinese and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) wheat breeding materials and the distribution of known disease resistance genes will greatly helpful for discovering the new resistance resources and improving the utilization efficiency of disease resistance genes.【Method】In the present study, we phenotyped 153 wheat breeding lines derived from China and CIMMYT at both seedling against prevalent Chinese Pst races CYR33 and CYR34. In 2018-2019, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, using the pst races CYR33 and CYR34 to identify the materials at the adult plant stages in Ezhou, Hubei. In addition, we used the gene-based or closely linked molecular markers of known stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29 and YrSP to genotype the whole set of wheat collections.【Result】We found 10 lines immune against CYR33 at the seedling stage (IT: 0), including seven Chinese cultivars (Shannong 28, Luomai 163, Shimai 13, Zhongyi 6, Tanmai 98-2, Zhongmai 175, Taishan 21) and three CIMMYT lines (CIM-53, CIM-60 and CIM-71). However, only two cultivars, Tanmai 98-1 and Shannong 102, showed immune to CYR34 at the seedling stage. Based on the three years field tests, we found 64 lines showed highly resistance to stripe rust (final disease severity, FDS≤5%), including seven Chinese cultivars and 57 CIMMYT lines. The molecular marker analysis of known stripe rust resistance genes showed that there were 31, 23, 73, 2, 4, 50 and 2 lines carrying resistance genes Yr9, Yr10, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29 and YrSP, respectively. None of any lines had Yr5 and Yr15. Based on the phenotype, only CIM-53 showed immune against two races at both seedling and adult plant stages (IT=0, FDS=0) and it might carry the known stripe rust resistance gene combination of Yr17+Yr29 based on the genotype.【Conclusion】A total of 153 wheat collections from China and CIMMYT were showed adult plant resistance to the prevalent pst races. Among these, Chinese wheat varieties mainly carry Yr9, Yr10 and Yr26, while CIMMYT wheat line mainly carry Yr17,Yr18 and Yr29, indicating that near-immunity resistance of CIMMYT wheat lines due to combinations of 1-2 moderate seedling resistance gene and 2-3 adult plant resistance genes resulting in durable resistance. Therefore, it is very urgent to expand the resistance sources and identify new resistance genes for pyramiding more genes biotechnology methods to develop new wheat varieties with durable rusts resistance and good agronomic traits. This plays an important role for controlling stripe rust in China by improving the resistance level of wheat variety overall.

Key words: stripe rust, seedling resistance, adult plant resistance, resistance gene, molecular marker, phenotyping of wheat disease

周警卫, 叶博伟, 张朋飞, 张宇庆, 郝敏, 尹毓若, 袁婵, 李志康, 李顺达, 夏先春, 何中虎, 张宏军, 兰彩霞. 最新录用：国内外153份小麦种质条锈病抗性鉴定与评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 0, (): 1-.

ZHOU JingWei, YE BoWei, ZHANG PengFei, ZHANG Yuqing, HAO Min, YIN YuRuo, YUAN Chan, LI ZhiKang, LI Shunda, XIA XianChun, HE ZhongHu, ZHANG HongJun, LAN CaiXia. Identification and Evaluation of Stripe Rust Resistance in 153 Wheat Collections[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 0, (): 1-.

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最新录用：国内外153份小麦种质条锈病抗性鉴定与评价

Identification and Evaluation of Stripe Rust Resistance in 153 Wheat Collections

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