中国水稻的肥料贡献率时空变化及影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.220044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】从全国尺度上解析近30年（1988—2017）水稻产量的肥料贡献率变化及其影响因素，为水稻可持续生产和肥料的科学施用提供理论依据。【方法】基于全国稻作区耕地质量监测数据（338个点位），分析不同稻作模式、种植区域、气候条件和土壤质地的水稻肥料贡献率年际变化，并结合随机森林模型探讨各因素对水稻肥料贡献率变化的相对贡献。【结果】在施肥区和不施肥区水稻品种和栽培技术相同的条件下，近30年全国水稻的肥料贡献率整体呈现前20年逐渐升高，近10年趋于平稳的特征，总体变化幅度为41.20%—51.89%，但不同稻作模式存在差异，单季稻、双季稻和水稻-其他作物轮作的水稻肥料贡献率分别为38.58%—55.49%、41.96%—51.05%和42.34%—53.43%。不同区域的水稻肥料贡献率在近30年的平均值表现出西南（55.82%）＞长江中游（46.73%）＞华北（46.27%）＞东北（45.90%）＞华南（45.83%）＞长江下游（44.25%）。结合施肥年限和水稻肥料贡献率的拟合方程发现，东北、华北、西南、长江中游、长江下游和华南的水稻肥料贡献率达到稳定的施肥年限分别为15.2、18.5、19.0、15.3、15.3和14.5年。不同气候条件也显著影响水稻的肥料贡献率，其中，亚热带季风气候（49.23%）＞温带季风气候（45.90%）＞热带季风气候（34.57%）。不同土壤质地的水稻肥料贡献率则表现出黏土（43.25%—64.80%）＞壤土（40.65%—48.46%）＞砂土（26.20%—45.98%）。随机森林模型显示，氮肥和磷肥是调控水稻肥料贡献率变化的主要因素，同时，无霜期、年均降雨、年均温度、钾肥及土壤有机质含量也是影响水稻肥料贡献率的关键指标。【结论】在1988—2017年，全国稻作区的水稻肥料贡献率整体呈现前期逐渐增加后期趋于平稳的趋势，且稻作模式、区域、气候和土壤质地条件均影响水稻肥料贡献率的年际变化。氮肥和磷肥对水稻肥料贡献率变化的影响较大。相比其他土壤肥力指标，土壤有机质是影响水稻肥料贡献率变化的关键土壤肥力因子。

关键词: 稻田, 施肥, 水稻肥料贡献率, 时空变化, 土壤有机质

Abstract: 【Objective】 Spatio-temporal variations and driving factors of fertilizer contribution rate were conducted for the paddy soil in China. It can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of rice and scientific recommended application of fertilizers in rice cultivation areas. 【Method】 Data was cited from a total of 338 long-term paddy soil monitoring sites located in rice-producing provinces of China for this study. The effects of fertilizer contribution rate for cropping system, climate, regions, soil texture and its driving factors were evaluated. 【Result】 In the past 30 years (1988-2017), the fertilizer contribution rate for rice increased first and then levelled off in China in the condition of same rice variety and cultivation techniques both in fertilization and none-fertilization plots. The variable range of fertilizer contribution rate for rice was from 41.20% to 51.89%. The fertilizer contribution rate for rice was 38.58%-55.49%, 41.96%-51.05% and 41.96%-51.05% in single, double rice and rice and other cropping systems, respectively. After 30 years, fertilizer contribution rate for rice from high to low was as follows: Southwest China (55.82%), Middle of Yangtze River (46.73%), North China (46.27%), North east China (45.90%), South China (45.83%) and Lower of Yangtze River (44.25%). According to the fitting equation, it was found that the stable fertilization years of fertilizer contribution rate for rice was 15.2 a, 18.5 a, 19.0 a, 15.3 a, 15.3 a and 14.5 a in the Northeast China, North China, Southwest China, Middle of Yangtze River, Lower of Yangtze River and South China, respectively. The fertilizer contribution rate for rice in Subtropical monsoon (49.23%) was much higher than Temperate monsoon (45.90%) and Tropical monsoon (34.57%). The fertilizer contribution rate for rice with different soil texture was 43.25%-64.80% for clay soil, 40.65%-48.46% for loam soil, and 26.20%-45.98% for sand soil. Among the fertilization factors, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer were the main factors affecting fertilizer contribution rate. Among the climatic factors, frost-free period, mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature were the main factors and soil organic matter was the most important one among the soil factors. 【Conclusion】 The fertilizer contribution rate for rice was increased first and then levelled off in 1988-2017, there was different for fertilizer contribution rate for rice under different rice cropping systems, regions, climate and texture. Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers were main factors of fertilizer contribution rate for rice in China. Moreover, soil organic matter in paddy soil was the most important to fertilizer contribution rate for rice in soil fertility indexes.

Key words: paddy soil, fertilization, fertilizer contribution rate for rice, spatio-temporal variations, soil organic matter

李亚贞, 韩天富, 曲潇林, 马常宝, 都江雪, 柳开楼, 黄晶, 刘淑军, 刘立生, 申哲, 张会民, . 中国水稻的肥料贡献率时空变化及影响因素[J]. 中国农业科学, 0, (): 1-.

LI YaZhen, HAN TianFu, QU XiaoLin, MA ChangBao, DU JiangXue, LIU KaiLou, HUANG Jing, LIU ShuJun, LIU LiSheng, SHEN Zhe, ZHANG HuiMin, . Spatio-Temporal Variations of Fertilizer Contribution Rate for Rice in China and Its Influencing Factors[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 0, (): 1-.

[1]	王飞, 李清华, 何春梅, 游燕玲, 黄毅斌. 长期施肥对黄泥田土壤团聚体中氮素积累和有机氮组成的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(9): 1718-1728.
[2]	李浩, 陈金, 王洪亮, 柳开楼, 韩天富, 都江雪, 申哲, 刘立生, 黄晶, 张会民. 红壤性水稻土有机无机复合体中碳氮特征对长期施肥的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(7): 1333-1343.
[3]	李亚贞, 韩天富, 曲潇琳, 马常宝, 都江雪, 柳开楼, 黄晶, 刘淑军, 刘立生, 申哲, 张会民. 我国水稻的肥料贡献率时空变化及影响因素[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(4): 674-685.
[4]	刘淑军, 李冬初, 黄晶, 曲潇林, 马常宝, 王慧颖, 于子坤, 张璐, 韩天富, 柳开楼, 申哲, 张会民. 近30年来我国小麦和玉米秸秆资源时空变化特征及还田减肥潜力[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(16): 3140-3155.
[5]	陈硕桐, 夏鑫, 丁元君, 冯潇, 刘晓雨, Marios Drosos, 李恋卿, 潘根兴. 不同形态秸秆还田下乌栅土耕层土壤有机质含量与组成变化[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(13): 2518-2529.
[6]	高佳蕊, 方胜志, 张玉玲, 安晶, 虞娜, 邹洪涛. 东北黑土不同开垦年限稻田土壤有机氮矿化特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(8): 1579-1588.
[7]	李前, 秦裕波, 尹彩侠, 孔丽丽, 王蒙, 侯云鹏, 孙博, 赵胤凯, 徐晨, 刘志全. 滴灌施肥模式对玉米产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(8): 1604-1616.
[8]	桂润飞, 王在满, 潘圣刚, 张明华, 唐湘如, 莫钊文. 香稻分蘖期减氮侧深施液体肥对产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(8): 1529-1545.
[9]	杨滨娟,李萍,胡启良,黄国勤. 紫云英与油菜混播对稻田土壤N₂O排放及相关功能基因丰度的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(4): 743-754.
[10]	杜文婷,雷肖肖,卢慧宇,王云凤,徐佳星,罗彩霞,张树兰. 氮肥减量施用对我国三大粮食作物产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(24): 4863-4878.
[11]	万华琴,辜旭,何红梅,汤逸帆,申建华,韩建刚,朱咏莉. 沼液中HCO₃^-对水稻生长的类CO₂施肥效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(22): 4445-4457.
[12]	米国华,霍跃文,曾爱军,李刚华,王秀,张福锁. 作物养分管理的农机农艺结合技术研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(21): 4211-4224.
[13]	韩冬梅,黄石连,欧阳思颖,张乐,卓侃,吴振先,李建光,郭栋梁,王静. 提升龙眼果实耐贮性的果期病害防治与养分优化管理[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(21): 4279-4293.
[14]	侯慧芝,张绪成,尹嘉德,方彦杰,王红丽,于显枫,马一凡,张国平,雷康宁. 旱地化肥分层和深施对春小麦水肥利用及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(17): 3289-3302.
[15]	景建元,袁亮,张水勤,李燕婷,赵秉强. 腐殖酸-尿素复合物配施尿素在不同施肥土壤上的NH₃挥发特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(14): 2786-2796.

中国水稻的肥料贡献率时空变化及影响因素

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Fertilizer Contribution Rate for Rice in China and Its Influencing Factors

PDF

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0