中国农业科学

• • 上一篇    

嗜碱假单胞菌Ej2对稻瘟病的防治及植物内源激素的影响

沙月霞,黄泽阳,马瑞   

  1. 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,银川 750011
  • 发布日期:2021-09-09

Effect on Control Efficacy of Pseudomonas alcaliphila strain Ej2 against Rice Blast and Endogenous Hormones in Plant

SHA YueXia, HUANG ZeYang, MA Rui   

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750011
  • Online:2021-09-09

摘要: 【目的】明确水稻内生菌嗜碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaliphila)Ej2菌株对镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.)等病原菌的抑菌效果,重点研究对水稻稻瘟病的防治作用及对植物内源激素的影响,为稻瘟病杀菌剂的研发提供新的生防菌资源。【方法】嗜碱假单胞菌菌株Ej2分离于水稻叶片,采用对峙培养法测试该菌株对稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)以及对镰孢菌、草莓炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeospoioides)、苹果斑点落叶病和草莓黑斑病病菌(Alternaria alternate)等病原真菌的抑菌效果,并检测其挥发性物质对稻瘟病菌的抑菌作用以及发酵液对水稻种子萌发的促进作用,盆栽法检测对水稻叶瘟的温室防治效果,通过小区试验验证对水稻叶瘟和穗颈瘟的田间防治效果及促生效果,采用基于MRM方法的靶向代谢组学技术检测发酵液喷施3次对胁迫激素、细胞分裂素等植物内源激素的影响。【结果】嗜碱假单胞菌菌株Ej2及其挥发性物质对稻瘟病菌菌落生长具有显著拮抗作用,对水稻叶瘟的温室防治效果为78.26%,与75%三环唑可湿性粉剂无显著差异;对叶瘟和穗颈瘟的田间防治效果分别为75.07%—83.67%和62.79%—75.09%,对叶瘟的田间防治效果与稻瘟酰胺有显著差异,对穗颈瘟的田间防治效果与稻瘟酰胺无显著差异。菌株Ej2对西瓜枯萎病菌(F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum)、茄镰孢(F. solani)、串珠镰孢(F. moniliforme)、草莓炭疽病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌和草莓黑斑病菌5种植物病原真菌具有抑菌活性。Ej2发酵液显著增加水稻种子萌发率、株高、穗重和千粒重;喷施3次后,植物胁迫激素中的乙烯(ETH)和脱落酸(ABA)含量显著增加,细胞分裂素中的玉米素核苷(czR)、反式玉米素核苷(tZ)和异戊烯基腺嘌呤核苷(iPR)激素含量显著下降,植物生长素(IAA)、茉莉酸(JA)、顺反茉莉酸类激素(cis-OPDA)、茉莉酸-异亮氨酸(JA-LIE)、顺式玉米素(cZ)、反式玉米素(tZ)、异戊烯基腺嘌呤(iP)、水杨酸(SA)等植物内源激素含量没有显著变化。【结论】嗜碱假单胞菌菌株Ej2具有防病、促进作物生长及增强水稻植株抗逆性的作用,是一种可以防治稻瘟病等真菌病害的生防微生物。

关键词: 嗜碱假单胞菌, 稻瘟病, 生物防治, 植物病原真菌, 植物内源激素

Abstract: 【ObjectiveThis study aimed to definitude the antagonist activity of Pseudomonas alcaliphila strain Ej2 against various phytopathogens concluding Fusarium spp. in vitro, focusing on control efficacy of P. alcaliphila Ej2 against rice blast and influences of endogenous hormones in plant. The research can provide new biocontrol resources for the research and development of fungicides against rice blast.MethodP. alcaliphila strain Ej2 was isolated from endophytic bacteria into rice leaf tissue. Antagonistic action of strain Ej2 against other five pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum gloeospoioides, Alternaria alternate which can cause apple spot fallen leaf disease and strawberry black spot, et al., was determined by dual culture assay. In addition, antagonistic activity of volatile substance produced by P. alcaliphila strain Ej2 against Magnaporthe oryzae and promoting efficacy of fermentation broth increasing the germinating rate of rice seeds were tested in the experiment. The control efficacy of strain Ej2 was determined for the control of rice leaf blast under greenhouse condition by pot-culture method. The pot experiments were used to verify the promoting and control efficacy of strain Ej2 against rice leaf blast and neck blast. Targeted metabonomics based on MRM method was detected effect on endogenous hormones in plant such as stress hormone and cytokinin after fermentation broth sprayed for three times.ResultThe strain and volatile substance suppressed the colony growth rate of M. oryzae P131 significantly. The control efficacy against rice blast under greenhouse condition was 78.26% and it had no significant difference with 75% tricyclazole wettable powder. What’s more, the control efficacy against rice leaf blast and neck blast in field were 75.07%-83.67% and 62.79%-75.09%, respectively. It had significant difference between the control efficacy of strain Ej2 and 20% fenoxanil suspending agent against rice leaf blast. But it had no significant difference between the control efficacy of strain Ej2 and 20% fenoxanil suspending agent against rice neck blast. P. alcaliphila Ej2 showed strong antagonist activity against other five pathogenic fungi, such as F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. solani, F. moniliforme, C. gloeospoioides, Alternaria alternate, et al. The fermentation broth of P. alcaliphila Ej2 significantly increased the germinating rate of rice seeds, plant height, panicle weight and thousand kernel weight. After spraying three times, the level of the stress hormone in plant such as ethylene (ETH) and abscisic acid (ABA) were significantly increased, but the level of cytokinin such as zeatin riboside (czR), trans-zeatin riboside (tZ) and N6-isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR) were evidently decreased. In addition, the level of several endogenous hormones in plant including IAA, JA, cis-OPDA, JA-LIE, cZ, tZ, iP and SA had no evident change.ConclusionP. alkalophilis strain Ej2 possesses the application value to control disease, promote crop growth and enhance stress resistance of rice plant, and it is considered to be a biological control nicroorganism against rice blast and other fungi diseases.

Key words: Pseudomonas , alcaliphila, rice blast,  , biological control,  , plant pathogenic fungi,  , endogenous hormones in plant