中国农业科学

• • 上一篇    

腐殖-尿素复合物配施尿素在不同施肥土壤上的NH3挥发特征 

景建元,袁亮,张水勤,李燕婷,赵秉强   

  1. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 出版日期:2021-09-09 发布日期:2021-09-09

Humic Acid-urea Complex Combined with Urea on the Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization of Different Fertilized Soils

JING JianYuan, YUAN Liang, ZHANG ShuiQin, LI YanTing, ZHAO BingQiang   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
  • Published:2021-09-09 Online:2021-09-09

摘要: 【目的】施用腐殖酸尿素可以有效减少氮素NH3挥发损失,肥料中的腐殖酸发挥了很大作用,但是由于腐殖酸与尿素反应的产物UHA)配施尿素对土壤NH3挥发的影响可能不同于常规腐殖酸(HA,进行相关研究将有利于揭示腐殖酸尿素降低土壤NH3挥发的机理。【方法】本研究利用无水乙醇提取得到UHA,在长期不施肥与长期施肥土壤上,研究HAUHA配施尿素对土壤NH3挥发的影响,二者的用量分别为尿素用量的0.5%5%,代号分别为0.5HA+U5HA+U0.5UHA+U5UHA+U,同时设置单施尿素(U不施尿素与腐殖酸处理(CK)。测定土壤NH3挥发速率及累积量,土壤尿素态氮、硝/铵态氮含量,土壤脲酶活性等。【结果】(1)各施氮处理,长期施肥土壤NH3挥发累积量均多于长期不施肥处理,这可能与长期施肥导致土壤pH远低于不施肥土壤,尿素在土壤中缓慢分解有关。(2HAUHA配施尿素均可以有效降低土壤NH3挥发量,但是降低幅度与土壤是否长期施肥及二者用量有关:在长期不施肥土壤上,与单施尿素相比,HA配施尿素土壤NH3挥发量可显著降低4.39%—22.88%(P<0.05),且5HA+U处理降低幅度大于0.5HA+U处理但是在长期施肥土壤上,尿素配施HA对土壤NH3挥发量影响不显著;相反,尿素配施其用量0.5%UHA,在长期不施肥与长期施肥土壤上均可以显著降低土壤NH3挥发累积量(P<0.05),土壤NH3挥发量较单施尿素处理分别降低26.46%12.91%P<0.05)。(3HA降低土壤NH3挥发量可能与降低土壤脲酶活性有关,而UHA可能与促进土壤硝化过程有关。【结论】与普通腐殖酸相比,腐殖酸尿素中的腐殖酸尿素复合物可有效减少土壤NH3挥发量,且作用效果与土壤是否长期施肥无关。


关键词: 腐殖酸尿素, 腐殖酸, 腐殖酸尿素复合物, NH3挥发, 施肥土壤

Abstract: 【Objective Application of humic acid enhanced urea (HAU) can effectively reduce ammonia volatilization. The humic acid in HAU, named UHA, plays a great role in this process. However, due to the reaction between humic acid and urea, the effect of UHA on soil ammonia volatilization may be different from that of conventional humic acid (HA). Relevant research will help to further reveal the mechanism of HAU reducing ammonia volatilization from soil. MethodIn this study, UHA was extracted by absolute ethanol from HAU. The effects of HA or UHA combined with urea on ammonia volatilization of long-term unfertilized soil or fertilized soil were studied. The dosage of HA or UHA was 0.5% and 5% of the amount of urea, code named 0.5HA+U, 5HA+U, 0.5UHA+U, and 5UHA+U, respectively. Treatment with urea (U) and without humic acid and urea (CK) were conducted at the same time. Soil ammonia fluxes and volatilization, soil urea-N, nitrate, and ammonium content, and soil urease activity were measured simultaneously.Result(1) The ammonia volatilization for long-term fertilized soil was higher than that for long-term unfertilized soil, which might be related to low soil pH and prolonged urea residue due to long-term fertilization. (2) Both HA and UHA combined with urea could effectively reduce soil ammonia volatilization, compared with U treatment, but the extent of the reduction depended on whether the soil was fertilized for a long time and the amounts of HA or UHA: urea combined with HA could significantly reduce soil ammonia volatilization for long-term unfertilized soil (P<0.05), and the ammonia volatilization of 0.5HA+U and 5HA+U was 4.39% and 22.88% lower than U treatment, respectively. While the application of HA did not significantly affect ammonia volatilization for long-term fertilized soil. 0.5UHA+U could significantly reduce soil ammonia volatilization (P<0.05) for long-term unfertilized and fertilized soil by 26.46% and 12.91%, respectively. (3) Combined application of HA could effectively inhibit urease activity, and UHA could promote the nitrification process, thereby reduced soil ammonia volatilization. ConclusionIn summary, compared with HA, UHA showed better performance on inhibiting ammonia volatilization, and the effect was independent of whether the soil was fertilized for a long time.


Key words: humic acid enhanced urea, humic acid, humic acid-urea complex, ammonia volatilization, fertilized soil