助剂对静电喷雾液剂电导率及沉积量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.23.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】优化静电喷雾液剂配方,研究助剂对静电喷雾液剂电导率及沉积量的影响,探寻二者之间的关系,为降低农药使用量,实现农业可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】采用新型环保溶剂HDBE和NCC,以二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和异佛尔酮作为助溶剂,设定助溶剂用量分别为0、3%、5%、7%和10%,以传统溶剂S200#作为对照。根据静电喷雾液剂质量技术指标对不同配方进行筛选。分析助剂种类及用量的变化对阿维菌素和呋虫胺两种静电喷雾液剂电导率的影响。同时,在施药前测定靶标叶面积,施药后用丙酮反复冲洗、过滤、旋蒸、定容,最后采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定靶标叶片上农药有效成分的沉积量,探究助剂种类和用量对黄瓜和番茄叶片正、背面沉积量的影响,分析制剂电导率与沉积量之间的关系,评价静电喷雾包抄效应。【结果】筛选出6个符合质量技术指标要求的环保型静电喷雾液剂配方;制剂电导率并非各组分电导率的加权平均数,而是各组分相互作用的结果;对于极性不同的农药有效成分配制的静电喷雾液剂,助剂种类和用量的改变对电导率和沉积量的影响趋势相同。当有效成分为非极性农药阿维菌素时,其对制剂整体电导率几乎无影响,而当采用极性较大的农药呋虫胺时,制剂整体的电导率得到显著提高,在相同助剂条件下,高出阿维菌素制剂近百倍。当溶剂为HDBE时,电导率较小,电导率和沉积量随助溶剂质量分数的提高增幅较大,差异显著。当溶剂为NCC时,由于其本身电导率较大,二者随助溶剂用量的提高增幅较小,不同配方之间的电导率差异减小。当助溶剂同为二甲亚砜时,由HDBE、NCC作为溶剂制备的静电喷雾液剂电导率及沉积量较传统溶剂S200#均显著增加,其中电导率高出5倍以上,沉积量高出1.5倍以上;静电喷雾液剂在黄瓜叶片正、背面的沉积量均大于番茄;不同配方在靶标正、背面沉积量之比在1.17—2.11。【结论】环境友好的HDBE、NCC可代替S200#成为静电喷雾的优良溶剂;助剂的种类和用量的改变对静电喷雾液剂电导率及沉积量有重要影响,通过提高制剂的电导率可以显著改善沉积量,从而提高农药有效利用率;所配制的静电喷雾液剂具有良好的静电包抄效应。

关键词: 静电喷雾液剂, 助剂, 电导率, 沉积量, 阿维菌素, 呋虫胺

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to optimize formula and research the effects of different adjuvants on conductivity and deposition of the electrochargeable liquid and the internal relationship, and to provide scientific guidance for reducing the use of pesticides and achieving sustainable agricultural development.【Method】New environment-friendly solvents HDBE and NCC were used with dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and isophorone as cosolvents. The contents of cosolvents were set as 0, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% respectively, and the traditional solvent S200# was used as control. Qualified formulas were screened according to the technical index of electrochargeable liquid. The effect of the different contents of adjuvants on conductivity of abamectin and dinotefuran electrochargeable liquid was analyzed. At the same time, in order to study the effect of the different contents of adjuvants on the deposition on the front and back of cucumber and tomato leaves, explore the relationship of preparation conductivity and deposition and analyze electrostatic outflank effect. The area of target leaves was measured before pesticide application, and washed repeatedly with acetone after the treatment. The active ingredient on target leaves was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after process of filtration, rotary steaming and dilution to graduation with solvent.【Result】Six environment-friendly electrochargeable liquid formulas that meet the requirements of quality and technical specifications were screened. The conductivity of the formula was not a weighted mean of the individual component, but rather the final result of the interaction of the components. For the electrochargeable liquid prepared by the active components of pesticides with different polarity, the change of the species and contents of the adjuvant had the same effect trend on the conductivity and deposition. It had almost no effect on the overall conductivity of the preparation when the active ingredient was the non-polar pesticide abamectin, whereas it was significantly increased when the polar pesticide dinotefuran replaced abamectin. The conductivity of preparation was nearly 100 times higher than that of abamectin with the same adjuvant. When the solvent was HDBE, the conductivity was small, the conductivity and deposition of the preparation increased rapidly as the content of cosolvents increasing, and the difference was significant. When the solvent was NCC, because of its high conductivity, the conductivity and deposition of the preparation increased steadily as the content of cosolvent increasing, and the difference of conductivity among different formulas was reduced. When the dimethyl sulfoxide was cosolvent, the conductivity and deposition of electrochargeable liquid prepared with HDBE, NCC as solvent were significantly higher than that of the traditional solvent S200#, in which the conductivity was more than 5 times and the deposition amount was more than 1.5 times higher than that of the traditional solvent S200#. The deposition of electrochargeable liquid on the front and back of cucumber leaves was higher than that of tomato. It was found that the ratio of deposition on the front and back of the leaves was between 1.17 and 2.11.【Conclusion】The environment-friendly HDBE and NCC can replace S200# as excellent solvents for electrostatic spray. The species and content of adjuvants had a significant effect on the conductivity and deposition of electrochargeable liquid and the deposition can be significantly improved by increasing the conductivity of the preparation. The prepared electrostatic spray had an excellent electrostatic outflank effect.

Key words: electrochargeable liquid, adjuvant, conductivity, deposition, abamectin, dinotefuran

任立瑞,陈福良,尹明明. 助剂对静电喷雾液剂电导率及沉积量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(23): 4459-4469.

REN LiRui,CHEN FuLiang,YIN MingMing. Effect of Adjuvant on Conductivity and Deposition of Electrochargeable Liquid[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(23): 4459-4469.

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配方 Formula	有效成分 Active ingredient	助溶剂 Cosolvent	溶剂 Solvent
1	阿维菌素 Abamectin	二甲亚砜 Dimethyl sulfoxide	多元醇混合酯HDBE
2	阿维菌素 Abamectin	异佛尔酮Isophorone	多元醇混合酯HDBE
3	阿维菌素 Abamectin	二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide	改性氨基乙醇酯NCC
4	呋虫胺Dinotefuran	二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide	多元醇混合酯HDBE
5	呋虫胺Dinotefuran	N-甲基吡咯烷酮N-Methyl pyrrolidone	多元醇混合酯HDBE
6	呋虫胺Dinotefuran	二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide	改性氨基乙醇酯NCC
CK1	阿维菌素Abamectin	二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide	S200#
CK2	呋虫胺Dinotefuran	二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide	S200#

电导率Conductivity (μs·cm^-1)
HDBE	NCC	S200#	二甲亚砜 Dimethyl sulfoxide	N-甲基吡咯烷酮 N-Methyl pyrrolidone	异佛尔酮 Isophorone
0.10±0.002	0.45±0.005	0	1.23±0.012	1.22±0.07	0.25±0.004

助溶剂质量分数 Mass fraction of cosolvent (%)	电导率Conductivity (μs·cm^-1)
	阿维菌素Abamectin				呋虫胺Dinotefuran
	配方1 Formula 1	配方2 Formula 2	配方3 Formula 3	CK1	配方4 Formula 4	配方5 Formula 5	配方6 Formula 6	CK2
0	0.10±0.003e	0.11±0.002e	0.44±0.006c	0b	10.42±0.011e	10.41±0.014e	51.23±0.311b	—
3	0.23±0.011d	0.12±0.003d	0.50±0.008b	0b	14.23±0.062d	12.66±0.261d	59.03±0.732a	—
5	0.36 ±0.018c	0.13±0.004c	0.48±0.011b	0b	16.69±0.232c	14.58±0.224c	52.20±0.948ab	—
7	0.48±0.004b	0.15±0.005b	0.51±0.015b	0b	20.37±0.017b	19.80±0.013b	55.80±0.154ab	—
10	0.66±0.011a	0.16±0.002a	0.55±0.017a	0.10±0.010a	22.33±0.118a	20.27±0.219a	54.30±0.068ab	4.20±0.122

助溶剂质量分数 Mass fraction of cosolvent (%)	理论电导率 Theoretical conductivity (μs·cm^-1)
	阿维菌素Abamectin			呋虫胺Dinotefuran
	配方1 Formula 1	配方2 Formula 2	配方3 Formula 3	配方4 Formula 4	配方5 Formula 5	配方6 Formula 6
0	0.10	0.10	0.45	10.42	10.42	51.21
3	0.13	0.11	0.47	10.45	10.45	51.24
5	0.16	0.12	0.49	10.47	10.47	51.25
7	0.18	0.12	0.50	10.50	10.49	51.27
10	0.21	0.12	0.53	10.53	10.52	51.29

靶标 Target	助溶剂质量分数Mass fraction of cosolvent (%)	沉积量Deposition (μg·cm^-2)
		阿维菌素Abamectin				呋虫胺Dinotefuran
		配方1 Formula 1	配方2 Formula 2	配方3 Formula 3	CK1	配方4 Formula 4	配方5 Formula 5	配方6 Formula 6	CK2
黄瓜Cucumber	0	2.12±0.11c	2.12±0.23c	6.80±0.10b	1.18±0.13	13.40±1.22c	13.40±1.24c	32.90±2.44ab	—
	3	2.83±0.32c	2.74±0.11bc	7.26±0.52ab	—	20.48±0.41bc	17.01±0.83bc	30.10±0.36b	—
	5	5.04±0.20bc	3.18±0.09bc	7.52±0.21ab	—	23.40±2.16b	20.86±4.52abc	39.15±3.56a	—
	7	7.51±0.41ab	3.46±0.40b	7.93±0.60a	—	26.41±1.03b	26.21±1.24ab	33.00±1.10ab	—
	10	8.76±0.33a	4.97±0.36a	7.43±0.30ab	4.86±0.31	31.58±0.67a	30.54±3.15a	39.35±1.66a	20.64±0.97
番茄 Tomato	0	1.77±0.31b	1.13±0.26c	6.30±0.34c	—	8.33±0.43c	8.33±0.43b	30.01±0.31c	—
	3	2.65±0.22b	1.71±0.32c	6.76±0.65b	—	15.28±1.64bc	11.01±1.38b	31.46±0.69b	—
	5	3.03±0.05b	2.78±0.48b	6.97±0.21a	—	16.12±0.60b	12.05±2.01b	33.54±0.47a	—
	7	5.27±0.03a	3.88±0.22a	6.81±0.55a	—	20.25±1.28ab	22.45±1.40a	34.43±0.77a	—
	10	5.86±0.11a	4.16±0.60a	6.46±0.30bc	—	24.77±1.09a	23.79±1.60a	34.45±1.21a	—