西北春谷早熟区谷子品种十五年变化趋势及主要性状分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.23.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (23): 4496-4506.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.23.004

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

西北春谷早熟区谷子品种十五年变化趋势及主要性状分析

张艾英¹，刁现民²，郭二虎¹，范惠萍¹，王丽霞¹，李瑜辉¹，程丽萍¹，吴引生¹，张莉³

¹山西省农业科学院谷子研究所/特色杂粮种质资源发掘与育种山西省重点实验室，山西长治 046011；²中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081；³山西农业大学农学院，山西太谷 030801

收稿日期:2017-05-12 出版日期:2017-12-01 发布日期:2017-12-01
通讯作者: 刁现民，E-mail：diaoxianmin@caas.cn。郭二虎，E-mail：guoerhu2003@163.com
作者简介:张艾英，E-mail：zay1012@126.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-07-12.5-A10）、山西省农业科学院生物育种工程（17yzgc024）、山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题（YYS1703)

Research Progress and Major Traits of Foxtail Millet Cultivars Developed in the Early-Mature Spring-Sowing Region in the Past 15 Years

ZHANG AiYing¹, DIAO XianMin², GUO ErHu¹, FAN HuiPing¹, WANG LiXia¹, LI YuHui¹, CHENG LiPing¹, Wu YinSheng¹, ZHANG Li³

¹Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Breeding in Minor Crops, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi; ²Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; ³College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi

Received:2017-05-12 Online:2017-12-01 Published:2017-12-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过对过去15年西北春谷早熟区区试谷子品种的产量及农艺性状进行综合分析，明晰了该区15年来谷子育种进展，并提出今后的发展方向，为该区新品种选育及产业发展提供理论指导。【方法】基于2001—2015年国家区域试验西北春谷早熟区的数据，对参试品种及通过鉴定品种的主要农艺性状、产量性状进行比较与分析，同时对通过鉴定的18个品种进行了抗逆性分析。【结果】2001—2015年西北春播早熟区共有85个新品系参加国家区试，12个常规品种和6个杂交种达到新品种鉴定标准通过鉴定，新育成品种比对照增产10%以上的品种有3个，其中，常规品种1个为大同32，杂交种2个分别为张杂谷1号和张杂谷15号。参试品种和通过鉴定品种的产量平均数在年度间表现了较大差异，但总体趋势表现为产量潜力水平的提高。参试品种穗长和千粒重年度间差异不显著，穗长基本稳定在23—27 cm，千粒重稳定在3—3.4 g，但参试品种的株高、单穗重、穗粒重年度间差异大，株高、单穗重、单穗粒重随年份有增加的趋势。通过鉴定的18个品种有13个生育期长于对照，5个短于对照，同时伴随着株高的增加，单穗重和穗粒重的提升，说明新育成品种生育期的延长和单株产量性状的提升。多元回归分析表明，生育期、株高、单穗重、穗粒重和出谷率决定了产量81.43%的变异，产量与穗粒重和单穗重呈显著正相关，穗粒重与株高、单穗重呈显著正相关。对通过鉴定品种的抗逆性分析表明，这15年该区主要病害有红叶病和白发病，不同年份间不同品种都有一定发生，通过鉴定品种的抗倒性、抗旱性呈现下降趋势。【结论】2001—2015年春谷早熟区选育的品种产量有增加的趋势。影响产量的主要因素为单穗重和穗粒重，其次为株高、生育期，育种中应注意提高品种的综合性和各性状之间的协调性。生育期延长、株高增加、抗倒性降低等因素直接影响到早熟区品种产量的突破，同时也不利于谷子机械化生产的发展。早熟区品种选育应以中矮秆、抗倒性强、结实率高、品质优、适合机械化收获为发展方向。

关键词: 春谷, 早熟区, 区域试验, 产量, 农艺性状, 相关分析

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to analyze the changes of agronomic traits, yield and resistance characters of foxtail millet cultivars released in the early-mature spring-sowing region in China in the past 15 years, the progress and breeding direction of foxtail millet was discussed, which provided scientific evidence for new cultivars development in the future.【Method】 Based on the data obtained from early-mature spring-sowing foxtail millet cultivars that participated in the regional adaptation test from 2001 to 2015 in Northwest China, agronomic traits and grain yield traits were analyzed and compared. 【Result】There were 85 newly developed foxtail millet lines participated in the regional adaptation test from 2001 to 2015, among which 18 lines that meet the national standard of new cultivar were authorized to release. Among the 12 conventional cultivars and 6 hybrid cultivars that released, only three of them have the grain yield potential that is over 10% higher than the control. Great difference was identified among the average grain yield of lines that participated in the test between different years, but it shows a potential of increase of grain yield with the time schedule. There is no significant difference among the annual means of panicle length and 1000-grain weight of the tested and released foxtail millet lines and the range of panicle length and 1000-grain weight were 23-27 cm and 3-3.4 g respectively, while significant differences were identified between the annual means of plant height, panicle weight and panicle grain weight, which showed a gradual increase trend with the time schedule. Among the 18 cultivars released, the growth duration of 13 of them is longer than the control cultivars, and all those cultivars were characterized with taller plant height, heavier panicle weight and panicle grain weight, which imply that much more attention was paid on the selection of single plant characters in the breeding efforts. Co-relation coefficient analyses indicated that 81.43% of the grain yield variation was decided by growth duration, plant height, panicle weight, panicle grain weight and the rate of grain per panicle, and grain yield was significantly related with panicle weight and panicle grain weight. Diseases and drought resistance related characters of those lines participated in the test were also recorded which indicated that the resistant ability of stresses of released lines among the past 15 years in the early mature foxtail millet breeding became stronger. 【Conclusion】 There is a growth tendency of grain yield in the newly developed early mature foxtail millet cultivars in 2001-2015, the main characters that contributing to grain yield include panicle weight, panicle grain weight, plant height and growth duration. Considering the quick development of machinery cultivation, efforts of developing short plant height, strong logging resistance, big panicle with higher net grain rate should be paid much more attention.

Key words: spring foxtail millet, early-mature, regional trial, grain yield, agronomic characters, correlation analysis

张艾英，刁现民，郭二虎，范惠萍，王丽霞，李瑜辉，程丽萍，吴引生，张莉. 西北春谷早熟区谷子品种十五年变化趋势及主要性状分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(23): 4496-4506.

ZHANG AiYing, DIAO XianMin, GUO ErHu, FAN HuiPing, WANG LiXia, LI YuHui, CHENG LiPing, WU YinSheng, ZHANG Li. Research Progress and Major Traits of Foxtail Millet Cultivars Developed in the Early-Mature Spring-Sowing Region in the Past 15 Years[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(23): 4496-4506.

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西北春谷早熟区谷子品种十五年变化趋势及主要性状分析

Research Progress and Major Traits of Foxtail Millet Cultivars Developed in the Early-Mature Spring-Sowing Region in the Past 15 Years

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