油菜素内酯对玉米叶片捕光、CO2固定及有机物运输的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.21.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确油菜素内酯（BR）对玉米光合特性的影响及作用机制，为油菜素内酯在玉米田的高效利用提供理论依据和技术参考。【方法】于玉米8叶期喷施100 nmol·L^-1 BR，对其叶片进行叶绿体结构、淀粉粒积累、叶绿素含量、PEPC活性、光合速率、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）和蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性的检测与分析。【结果】油菜素内酯处理8叶期玉米15 d后，与对照相比，玉米叶片的净光合速率提高了32.6%，同时，叶绿体中淀粉粒的积累明显变多变大，叶绿素含量高出对照28.57%，以上结果说明BR处理可提高玉米叶片的捕光能力；PEPC是C₄植物中催化PEP固定CO₂的酶，本研究结果表明BR处理可提高玉米叶片中PEPC的活性，与对照相比，其活性提高了14.52%，这说明BR处理可提高玉米叶片固定CO₂的能力；光合产物运输是决定产量的重要因素，通过对玉米叶片疏导组织细胞的超微观察，发现BR处理后韧皮部输导组织的细胞内含物增加；蔗糖是光合产物的主要运输形式，蔗糖合成酶（SS）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）是蔗糖合成的关键酶，其活性可反映同化物向籽粒运输能力和强度，本研究发现BR处理后SS和SPS的活性分别提高了28.26%和30.20%，上述结果说明BR处理可提高玉米光合产物的输出能力。【结论】油菜素内酯通过提高光合色素含量来提高玉米叶片的光能利用率；通过提高PEP羧化酶活性提高玉米叶片固定CO₂的能力；通过提高蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸酶活性，促进玉米叶片光作用产生的有机物的运输和分配。

关键词: 油菜素内酯, 捕光能力, CO₂固定, 有机物运输, 玉米

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to clear the influence and the molecular mechanism of brassinosteroid on the photosynthetic characteristics of action in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves, and then to provide the theoretical basis and technical references for efficient using of brassinosteroid in maize field. 【Method】We sprayed 100 nmol·L^-1 brassinosteroid on maize of 8 leaves period, then observed and analyzed the chloroplast structure, starch accumulation, chlorophyll content, phosphoenol plyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), photosynthetic rate, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) in leaves. 【Result】After 15 days from brassinosteroid treatment, compared with the control treatment, the net photosynthetic rate increased by 32.6%. At the same time, the accumulation of starch grains in the chloroplast was increased significantly. Compared with the control, the chlorophyll content of the leaves treated with brassinosteroid increased by 28.57%. The above results showed that brassinosteroid treatment can improve the light-harvesting ability of maize leaves. PEPC is an enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of CO₂ in C₄ plants. The results showed that brassinosteroid treatment can improve the activity of PEPC in maize leaves, and the activity of PEPC increased by 14.52% compared with the control. This showed that brassinosteroid treatment can improve the ability of fixing CO₂ of maize leaves. Transportation of photosynthetic products is an important factor to determine yield. Through the ultrastructural observation of the phloem tissue cells of maize leaves, it was found that the cell inclusions in the phloem conducting tissue increased under brassinosteroid treatment. Sucrose is the main transportation form of photosynthetic products. Sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase are key enzymes in sucrose synthesis, and their activity can reflect the transport capacity and strength of photosynthetic products input to grain. In this study, the activity of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase increased by 28.26% and 30.20%, respectively, under brassinosteroid treatment. The results showed that brassinosteroid treatment could improve the output ability of maize photosynthetic products.【Conclusion】 Brassinosteroid can raise the light energy utilization of maize blades by raising the photosynthetic pigment content, can enhance the capacity of maize leaf CO₂ fixation by raising the PEP carboxylase activity, and can promote the transformation and transportation of organic matter in maize leaf through raising the activity of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphatase.

Key words: brassinosteroid, light-harvesting ability, CO₂ fixation, organic matter transport, maize

藏金萍，赵艾佳，赵亚林，闫青地，冯佳佳，张海丽，王凤茹，董金皋. 油菜素内酯对玉米叶片捕光、CO₂固定及有机物运输的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(21): 4228-4234.

ZANG JinPing, ZHAO AiJia, ZHAO YaLin, YAN QingDi, FENG JiaJia, ZHANG HaiLi, WANG FengRu, DONG JinGao. The Influence of Brassinosteroid on the Light Catching, CO2 Fixation and the Translocation of Organic Compounds in Maize Leaves[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(21): 4228-4234.

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油菜素内酯对玉米叶片捕光、CO₂固定及有机物运输的影响

The Influence of Brassinosteroid on the Light Catching, CO2 Fixation and the Translocation of Organic Compounds in Maize Leaves

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