品种和氮素供应对玉米根系特征及氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 2259-2269.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.007

品种和氮素供应对玉米根系特征及氮素吸收利用的影响

程乙¹，王洪章¹，刘鹏1，董树亭¹，赵久然²，王荣焕²，张吉旺¹，赵斌¹，李耕¹，刘月娥²

¹山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安271018；²北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室，北京 100097

收稿日期:2016-09-18 出版日期:2017-06-16 发布日期:2017-06-16
通讯作者: 刘鹏，E-mail：liupengsdau@126.com。王荣焕，E-mail：ronghuanwang@126.com
作者简介:程乙，E-mail：chengyi722@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（31371576，31401339）、国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0300106）、国家“十二五”科技支撑计划（2013BAD07B06-2）、国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201203100，201203096）、山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目（SDAIT-02-08）、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-02-20）、山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题

Effect of Different Maize Varieties and Nitrogen Supply on Root Characteristics and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency

CHENG Yi¹, WANG HongZhang¹, LIU Peng¹, Dong ShuTing¹, ZHAO JiuRan², WANG RongHuan², ZHANG JiWang¹, ZHAO Bin¹, LI Geng¹, LIU YueE²

¹College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong; ²Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097

Received:2016-09-18 Online:2017-06-16 Published:2017-06-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】>研究玉米根系特性与氮素吸收利用及其与地上部生物量和产量形成的关系，探明根系形态特征与氮素吸收能力对玉米高产性能的影响，为玉米高产高效生产提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2014—2015年在山东农业大学黄淮海区域玉米技术创新中心（36°18′N，117°12′E）和作物生物学国家重点实验室进行，以京科968（JK968）、郑单958（ZD958）和先玉335（XY335）为试验材料，采用土柱栽培，设置两个氮素水平，施氮量分别为1.5 g/plant（LN）和4.5 g/plant（HN），在抽雄期（VT）和完熟期（R6）进行根系及植株取样，测定根系相关指标（根系干重、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积）,干物质及氮素积累与分配规律，探究品种和氮素供应对玉米根系特征及氮素吸收利用的影响。【结果】两个氮素水平下JK968单株籽粒产量、生物量、根系各指标和植株氮素积累量、氮转运率、氮素收获指数、氮素利用效率均显著高于XY335和ZD958（P＜0.05）。JK968单株生物量、籽粒产量、植株氮素积累量较XY335和ZD958在低氮水平下分别增加15.2%、17.7%、9.0%和31.6%、44.1%、31.4%，在高氮水平下分别增加5.4%、12.9%、8.9%和13.5%、26.8%、23.5%；高氮水平下JK968、XY335、ZD958的单株生物量、单株籽粒产量和植株氮素积累量较低氮水平下分别增加15.7%、10.2%、33.9%，26.5%、14.8%、34.0%和34.3%、25.1%、42.5%。抽雄期JK968根系干重、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积较XY335和ZD958在低氮水平下分别增加41.8%、9.0%、47.1%、24.0%和63.2%、41.6%、60.4%、105.1%，在高氮水平下分别增加24.3%、6.0%、35.2%、19.7%和40.3%、30.0%、49.3%、78.7%；高氮水平下JK968、XY335、ZD958的根系干重、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积较低氮水平下分别增加48.3%、37.3%、36.4%、12.7%，69.1%、41.3%、48.4%、16.7%和72.5%、49.7%、46.5%、29.3%。相关分析表明，吸氮量与根系干重、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积呈显著线性正相关，但品种的响应程度不同。在抽雄前，JK968植株吸氮量对根系干重、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积增长的响应度要高于XY335和ZD958；而抽雄后的响应度则低于XY335和ZD958。【结论】JK968整个生育期的根系各项指标均显著高于XY335和ZD958，且氮素吸收能力强，生物量大，低氮条件下优势更加明显。JK968较发达的根系，保证了植株对氮素的吸收，具有较高的氮素转运效率、贡献率和氮素利用效率，有利于进行物质生产，因而获得更高的籽粒产量。

关键词: 玉米, 品种, 施氮量, 根系, 氮素吸收

Abstract: 【Objective】Through the study of the relationship of maize root characteristics and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency, shoot biomass and yield formation to prove the effect of root morphological characteristics and nitrogen uptake capacity of maize yield. And then provide theoretical basis for the high yield and efficiency of maize production.【Method】The experiments were conducted in 2014-2015 at the Technological Innovation Center of Maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Region (36°18' N, 117°12' E) and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, located at Shandong Agricultural University in Taian. To explore the effect of different maize varieties and nitrogen supply on root characteristics and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency, using Jingke 968 (JK968), Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Xianyu 335 (XY335) as the experimental materials, setting two nitrogen levels, 1.5 g/plant (low nitrogen, LN) and 4.5 g/plant (high nitrogen, HN), sampling root and shoot of plant at tasseling stage and maturity stage for determination of the related indexes of root system (the root dry weight, root length, root surface area, root volume), dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and distribution in soil column tests.【Result】The results showed that grain yield and biomass per plant, each index of root, nitrogen accumulation amount per plant, nitrogen translocation rate, nitrogen harvest index and use efficiency of JK968 were all significantly higher (P＜0.05) than those of XY335 and ZD958. The biomass, grain yield, N accumulation amount per plant of JK968 were higher than those of XY335 and ZD958 by 15.2%, 17.7%, 9.0% and 31.6%, 44.1%, 31.4%, respectively, under LN level, 5.4%, 12.9%, 8.9% and 13.5%, 26.8%, 23.5%, respectively, under HN level. Compared with LN level, the biomass, grain yield, N accumulation amount per plant at the HN level of JK968, XY335 and ZD958 increased by 15.7%, 10.2%, 33.9% and 26.5%, 14.8%, 34.0% and 4.3%, 25.1%, 42.5%, respectively. The root dry weight, root length, root surface area, root volume of JK968 at tasseling stage are higher than those of XY335 and ZD958 by 41.8%, 9.0%, 47.1%, 24.0% and 63.2%, 41.6%, 60.4%, 105.1%, respectively, under LN level, 24.3%, 6.0%, 35.2%, 19.7% and 40.3%, 30.0%, 49.3%, 78.7%, respectively, under HN level. Compared with LN level, the root dry weight, root length, root surface area, root volume at the HN level of JK968, XY335 and ZD958 increased by 48.3%, 37.3%, 36.4%, 12.7% and 69.1%, 41.3%, 48.4%, 16.7% and 72.5%, 49.7%, 46.5%, 29.3%, respectively. The correlation analysis indicated that the amount of N-uptake showed a significant positive linear correlation with the root dry weight, root length, root surface area and root volume. The root index of different cultivars showed different responses to nitrogen, which the responsivity of each root index of JK968 to nitrogen was higher before tasseling but lower after tasseling than XY335 and ZD958. 【Conclusion】As for JK968, the root indexes of the whole growth period were significantly higher than those of XY335 and ZD958, it had a stronger nitrogen uptake ability and larger biomass, which were more distinct at the low nitrogen level. All these indicate that the larger root system of JK968 can ensure the nitrogen uptake to have higher nitrogen transportation efficiency, nitrogen contribution rate and nitrogen utilization efficiency, making for its material production, and finally obtaining a higher grain yield.

Key words: maize, varieties, nitrogen application rate, root, nitrogen uptake

程乙，王洪章，刘鹏，董树亭，赵久然，王荣焕，张吉旺，赵斌，李耕，刘月娥. 品种和氮素供应对玉米根系特征及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(12): 2259-2269.

CHENG Yi, WANG HongZhang, LIU Peng, Dong ShuTing, ZHAO JiuRan, WANG RongHuan, ZHANG JiWang, ZHAO Bin, LI Geng, LIU YueE. Effect of Different Maize Varieties and Nitrogen Supply on Root Characteristics and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(12): 2259-2269.

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品种和氮素供应对玉米根系特征及氮素吸收利用的影响

Effect of Different Maize Varieties and Nitrogen Supply on Root Characteristics and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency

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