中国农业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (19): 3746-3753.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.19.007

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国粗榧生物碱的除草活性

马树杰1,刘 琳1,芦小鹏1,马志卿1,2,张 兴1,2

 
  

  1. 1西北农林科技大学无公害农药研究服务中心,陕西杨凌 712100
    2陕西省生物农药工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2016-07-04 出版日期:2016-10-01 发布日期:2016-10-01
  • 通讯作者: 马志卿,Tel:029-87091884;E-mail:mazhiqing2000@126.com
  • 作者简介:马树杰,E-mail:mashujie89@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“863”计划(2011AA10A202)

Herbicidal Activities of Alkaloids from Cephalotaxus sinensis

MA Shu-jie1, LIU Lin1, LU Xiao-peng1, MA Zhi-qing1,2, ZHANG Xing1,2   

  1. 1Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    2Technology and Engineering Centre of Biopesticide, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2016-07-04 Online:2016-10-01 Published:2016-10-01

摘要: 【目的】明确中国粗榧(Cephalotaxus sinensis)的除草活性成分,为进一步深入研究中国粗榧的除草作用打下基础。【方法】采用种子萌发法评价中国粗榧乙醇提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及从中分离得到的8种生物碱(桥氧三尖杉碱、11-羟基三尖杉碱、贡山三尖杉碱A、异三尖杉碱、cephalotaxine β-N-oxide、4-羟基三尖杉碱、台湾三尖杉碱和三尖杉碱)对红三叶(Trifolium pratense)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)及高丹草(Sorghum sudanense)4种杂草种子幼根和幼芽的生长抑制作用;采用盆栽法测定中国粗榧乙醇提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及各生物碱的鲜重抑制率。【结果】种子萌发试验表明,中国粗榧提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及桥氧三尖杉碱、11-羟基三尖杉碱、三尖杉碱和cephalotaxine β-N-oxide对红三叶种子具有较强的抑制作用,对幼根的有效中浓度(EC50)分别为634.35、690.47、69.47、71.21、174.11和243.12 mg·L-1,对幼芽的EC50分别为411.79、413.11、68.52、139.25、237.72和413.62 mg·L-1;中国粗榧提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及桥氧三尖杉碱、11-羟基三尖杉碱、三尖杉碱和cephalotaxine β-N-oxide对反枝苋种子具有较强的抑制作用,对幼根的EC50分别为176.32、29.69、21.01、48.08、199.57和90.74 mg·L-1,对幼芽的EC50分别为257.69、46.20、25.51、47.85、65.08和66.34 mg·L-1;仅中国粗榧提取物、中国粗榧总生物碱及桥氧三尖杉碱对高丹草种子具有抑制作用,对幼根的EC50分别为349.54、254.27和84.71 mg·L-1,对幼芽的EC50分别为556.50、168.66和154.34 mg·L-1;仅中国粗榧提取物、cephalotaxine β-N-oxide及桥氧三尖杉碱对黑麦草种子具有抑制作用,对幼根的EC50分别为214.40、187.89和26.52 mg·L-1,对幼芽的EC50分别为695.58、290.15和122.26 mg·L-1;盆栽试验表明,中国粗榧提取物、总生物碱及3种生物碱(桥氧三尖杉碱、11-羟基三尖杉碱、三尖杉碱)对双子叶杂草红三叶和反枝苋表现出了一定的苗前除草作用,其中桥氧三尖杉碱的活性最高,以1 000 mg·L-1浓度进行土壤处理后,14 d的鲜重抑制率分别为78.89%和81.11%,但对禾本科的高丹草和黑麦草的鲜重抑制率较低,均在25%以下;茎叶喷雾处理显示,5种药剂对双子叶杂草红三叶和反枝苋的生长表现出一定的抑制作用,但抑制率均在30%以下,而对2种单子叶杂草基本无效果。【结论】中国粗榧生物碱对双子叶杂草具有较好的除草活性,其主要活性成分为桥氧三尖杉碱,且主要作用方式为抑制幼芽(根)的生长,具有进一步研究及开发潜力。

关键词: 中国粗榧;桥氧三尖杉碱;cephalotaxine &beta, -N-oxide;除草活性;植物源农药

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to evaluate herbicidal activity of alkaloids from Cephalotaxus sinensis against four species of weeds and provide a basis for its further study. 【Method】 C. sinensis extract, total alkaloids, and eight alkaloids (drupacine, 11-hydroxycephalotaxine, cephalancetine A, isocephalotaxine, cephalotaxine β-N-oxide, 4-hydroxycephalotaxine, wilsonine and cephalotaxine) were measured by seed germination method and pot experiments, with Trifolium pretense, Amaranthus retroflexus, Lolium perenne and Sorghum sudanense as indicators.【Result】Seed germination experiment showed that C. sinensis extract, total alkaloids, drupacine, 11-hydroxycephalotaxine, cephalotaxine and cephalotaxine β-N-oxide had strong inhibiting effects on the growth of T. pretense with the EC50 values of 634.35, 690.47, 69.47, 71.21, 174.11 and 243.12 mg·L-1 against roots growth, and 411.79, 413.11, 68.52, 139.25, 237.72 and 413.62 mg·L-1 against stems growth, respectively. C. sinensis extract, total alkaloids, drupacine, 11-hydroxycephalotaxine, cephalotaxine and cephalotaxine β-N-oxide showed strong inhibiting effects on the growth of A. retroflexus with the EC50 values of 176.32, 29.69, 21.01, 48.08, 199.57 and 90.74 mg·L-1 against roots growth, and 257.69, 46.20, 25.51, 47.85, 65.08 and 66.34 mg·L-1 against stems growth, respectively. Only C. sinensis extract, total alkaloids and drupacine showed inhibiting effects on the growth of S. sudanense with the EC50 values of 349.54, 254.27 and 84.71 mg·L-1 against roots growth, and 556.50, 168.66 and 154.34 mg·L-1 against stems growth, respectively. Only C. sinensis extract, cephalotaxine β-N-oxide and drupacine showed inhibiting effects on the growth of L. perenne with the EC50 values of 214.40, 187.89 and 26.52 mg·L-1 against roots growth, and 695.58, 290.15 and 122.26 mg·L-1 against stems growth, respectively. The pot experiments showed that C. sinensis extract, total alkaloids, drupacine, 11-hydroxycephalotaxine and cephalotaxine had strong herbicidal effect in soil treatment against dicotyledon weeds T. pretense and A. retroflexus, and drupacine showed the strongest herbicidal effect with inhibitory rates of 78.89% and 81.11%, but low inhibitory rate of less than 25% against S. sudanense and L. perenne. Spraying treatment showed that the five samples had a weak herbicidal effect against dicotyledon weeds T. pretense and A. retroflexus with an inhibitory rate of less than 30%, and had no effect against S. sudanense and L. perenne.【Conclusion】C. sinensis alkaloids has potential herbicidal activities against dicotyledon weeds, and its main active constituent is drupacine, with an inhibiting effect on young buds growth.

Key words: Cephalotaxus sinensis, drupacine, cephalotaxine β-N-oxide, herbicidal activity, botanical pesticide