免移虫育王和两种酯类幼虫信息素对中华蜜蜂蜂王质量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.18.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】比较中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)免移虫育王和人工移虫育王培育的蜂王质量，明确幼虫信息素中的甲基棕榈酸酯（methyl palmitate，MP）和甲基亚油酸酯（methyl linoleate，ML）在育王过程中能否提高蜂王质量。【方法】以中华蜜蜂为试验材料，选择蜂群群势、蜂王年龄、子脾面积等基本一致的健康蜂群3群作为哺育群，群势均为5框，采用郎氏标准蜂箱饲养。另选择一群健康、蜂王产卵性能好的蜂群作为母群。免移虫育王和人工育王的比较过程中，每个哺育群中每种育王方式至少育王3次。幼虫信息素试验过程中，每个哺育群每种信息素至少采用人工育王法育王3次。试验期间，对蜂群进行奖励饲喂，提高工蜂哺育积极性。利用自主研制的塑料免移虫育王生产器进行免移虫育王，人工移虫育王则采用自制的蜡质王台。测定育王过程中的幼虫接受率和蜂王出房率，待蜂王出房后测定蜂王初生重、胸重、胸宽，将蜂王的单侧卵巢制成石蜡切片进行卵巢管计数，并采用荧光定量PCR测定蜂王腹部的卵黄原蛋白基因（Vitellogenin，Vg）和转铁蛋白基因（Transferrin，Trf）表达量，从而比较蜂王的质量。为了研究中蜂幼虫信息素中MP和ML在人工育王中使用能否提高蜂王的质量，采用人工移虫育王，在幼虫60—63 h的王台内分别注射1 µL MP和ML（浓度梯度为0、0.1%、1.0%、10.0%），同样测定蜂王初生重、胸重、胸宽和卵巢管数以及其腹部Vg和Trf表达量等指标。【结果】免移虫育王的幼虫接受率为40.87%，蜂王出房率38.52%；人工移虫育王的幼虫接受率为74.38%，蜂王出房率69.13%。显然工蜂对于人工移虫育王中的蜡质王台更易于接受。免移虫育王培育的蜂王在初生重、胸重、胸宽、单侧卵巢管数和Trf表达量等与人工移虫育王的比较均差异不显著（P＞0.05），平均值也较接近，但蜂王腹部Vg表达量显著高于人工移虫育王（P＜0.05）。在人工移虫育王蜂王幼虫60—63 h时加入MP（或ML），不同浓度的MP对蜂王的各项指标均无显著影响（P＞0.05）；0.1% ML对蜂王质量也无显著影响（P＞0.05）；1.0% ML显著降低蜂王初生重、胸重及其腹部Vg的表达（P＜0.05），对卵巢管数量无显著影响（P＞0.05）；10.0% ML显著降低蜂王的各项指标（P＜0.05）。MP和ML对蜂王Trf表达量均无显著影响（P＞0.05）。【结论】免移虫育王与人工移虫育王相比，王台接受率显著偏低（P＜0.05），蜂王腹部的Vg表达量增加，但在蜂王初生重、胸部指标、单侧卵巢管数量及Trf表达量方面均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。MP和ML在人工移虫育王过程中的应用并不能达到提高蜂王质量的作用。

关键词: 中华蜜蜂, 免移虫育王, 甲基棕榈酸酯, 甲基亚油酸酯, 蜂王质量

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to compare the queen quality of queen-rearing with and without larvae-grafting and investigate whether methyl palmitate (MP) and methyl linoleate (ML) used in the process of queen rearing could improve the queen quality.【Method】Three colonies of Apis cerana cerana were chosen as experimental colonies, each colony with 5 combs, were basically the same in the honeybee population, queen age and brood comb area. These colonies were maintained using standard beekeeping techniques. Another strong colony with well egg-laying queen was served as egg-laying colony. The queen was reared at least 3 times in each colony during the queen-rearing with and without larvae-grafting experiment. And the queen was reared at least 3 times for different brood pheromone in each colony with queen-rearing with larvae-grafting method. Stimulated fed the colony to improve the worker nursing enthusiasm during the period of queen-rearing. Comparing the queen quality by testing the acceptance rate of queen cells, the weight, thorax weight and width of newly-emerged queens reared from the queen-rearing with and without larvae-grafting. The gene expression of vitellogenin (Vg) and transferrin (Trf) of the queens were tested by qRT-PCR, and the ovarioles were counted by paraffin section. In order to verify whether MP or ML used in the process of queen-rearing can improve the queen quality, 1µL solution which contains 0, 0.1%, 1.0% and 10.0% of MP or ML was added into the queen cells with 60-63 h old queen larvae, respectively. The queen quality was also detected.【Result】The rate of brood accepted and the percent of queen emerged in queen-rearing without larvae-grafting was 40.87% and 38.52%. In queen-rearing with larvae-grafting it was 74.38% and 69.13%, respectively. So apparently it is easier to accept the wax queen cell than the plastic for workers. No significant difference in the newly-emerged weight, thorax weight and width, ovarioles number in one side and Trf expression was observed between these two queen-rearing methods (P＞0.05). It was also similar in the average value. Nevertheless, Vg expression in queens from queen-rearing without larvae-grafting was significantly higher than that in the larvae-grafting (P＜0.05). 0.1% ML and all concentrations of MP showed no significant effect on all parameters (P＞0.05), and gene expression of Trf was also not different among all treatments (P＞0.05). 1.0% ML significantly reduced the newly-emerged weight, thorax weight and Vg expression of queens (P＜0.05), and 10.0% ML significantly reduced the index, ovarioles number and Vg expression of queens (P＜0.05). There was no significant effect on Trf expression level in both MP and ML (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】The acceptance rate of queen cell was significantly lower (P＜0.05) in queen-rearing without larvae-grafting compared with larvae-grafting. There was no significant difference in the newly-emerged weight, thorax weight and width, ovarioles number and Trf expression of the queens between queen-rearing with and without larvae-grafting (P＞0.05), but Vg expression was considerably higher whereas the acceptance rate of queen cells was lower in queen-rearing without larvae-grafting (P＜0.05). ML and MP used in queen-rearing process could not improve the queen quality.

Key words: Apis cerana cerana, queen-rearing without larvae-grafting, methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, queen quality

邹垂彬，周林斌，胡景华，席芳贵，袁芳，颜伟玉. 免移虫育王和两种酯类幼虫信息素对中华蜜蜂蜂王质量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(18): 3662-3670.

ZOU Chui-bin, ZHOU Lin-bin, HU Jing-hua, XI Fang-gui, YUAN Fang, YAN Wei-yu. Effects of Queen-Rearing Without Larvae-Grafting and Two Esters of Brood Pheromone on the Queen Quality of Apis cerana cerana[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(18): 3662-3670.

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