加气灌溉对番茄地土壤CO2排放的调控效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.17.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】CO₂是大气中最重要的温室气体，对全球变暖起到重要作用。加气灌溉通过改善土壤通气状态，提高作物产量、品质及水分利用效率等已被大量研究证实，然而加气灌溉引起的土壤环境效应研究较少，且通过静态箱法系统地研究加气灌溉对设施菜地土壤CO₂排放影响的研究尚未见报道。因此，分析加气灌溉对土壤CO₂排放的影响，对评估加气灌溉技术的农田生态效应具有重要作用。【方法】供试番茄品种为‘飞越’，通过温室小区试验利用文丘里计作为加气设备，通过地下滴灌系统实现水气结合的加气灌溉方式。采用静态箱-气相色谱法对温室番茄地土壤CO₂排放进行原位观测，研究加气灌溉对土壤CO₂排放的调控效应。试验按灌水量（充分灌溉、亏缺灌溉）和加气（加气、不加气）的双因素设计，设置4个处理，分别为：加气亏缺灌溉（AI1）、不加气亏缺灌溉（CK1）、加气充分灌溉（AI2）和不加气充分灌溉（CK2），每个处理3个重复。研究加气和充分灌溉较不加气和亏缺灌溉对温室番茄地土壤CO₂排放、土壤水分、土壤温度和土壤有机碳的影响。【结果】番茄整个生育期，不同加气灌溉模式下土壤CO₂排放通量随移植后天数增加呈波动性变化，总体呈现先增加后减小的趋势，峰值均出现在番茄开花坐果期。加气和充分灌溉处理较对应的不加气和亏缺灌溉处理增加了番茄整个生育期土壤CO₂平均排放通量和排放量，但差异不显著（P＞0.05）。AI1、CK1、AI2和CK2处理土壤CO₂平均排放通量分别为229.31、193.66、259.10和224.76 mg·m^-2·h^-1，且以AI2处理土壤CO₂排放量最大（6 383.43 kg·hm^-2），分别是AI1、CK1和CK2处理的1.12、1.32和1.13倍。此外，不同加气灌溉模式下土壤充水孔隙率（WFPS）在番茄整个生育期内大致呈下降的趋势；土壤温度（T）大致呈上升的趋势，且同一时刻处理间土壤温度差异较小；而土壤有机碳（SOC）含量呈波动性变化且番茄整个生育期SOC含量变化幅度较小。加气灌溉较对应的不加气灌溉降低了T和WFPS，增加了SOC含量，但差异均不显著（P＞0.05）；充分灌溉较对应的亏缺灌溉增加了WFPS和SOC，但不显著，对T的影响不一。此外，经相关性分析可知，土壤CO₂排放通量与土壤充水孔隙率呈负相关，与土壤温度和有机碳呈正相关，但相关性均不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】通过温室小区试验得出，加气灌溉增加了土壤CO₂排放，但不显著（P ＞0.05）。研究结果为评估加气灌溉技术的农田生态效应和设施菜地温室气体减排提供了一定的参考和科学依据。

关键词: 加气灌溉, CO₂, 排放, 土壤, 番茄, 有机碳

Abstract: 【Objective】Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a significant greenhouse gas that also contributes to the global warming. Lots of studies have reported that aerated irrigation would increase crop production, quality and water use efficiency by changing the aeration of root zone, while few studies have focused on the environmental effects of aerated irrigation, especially the greenhouse gas emissions from soils of greenhouse vegetable fields. Hence, it is of significance to analyze the effects of aerated irrigation on CO₂ emissions from soils of greenhouse tomato fields for assessing farmland ecological effects of aerated irrigation. 【Method】Venturi meter (Mazzei 287, America) was used as the aeration equipment to irrigate the experimental plots. The method of static chamber/gas chromatography was used to study the effects of aerated irrigation on CO₂ emissions. Two factors (irrigation and aeration) were designed in the experiment to reveal the effects of aerated irrigation on soil CO₂ emissions. Four treatments were designed in the experiment: aerated deficit irrigation (AI1), unaerated deficit irrigation (CK1), aerated full irrigation (AI2) and unaerated full irrigation (CK2). 【Result】Throughout the whole growth period of tomato, soil CO₂ emissions followed the same pattern in different treatments, and peaks occurred at the blooming and fruit setting stages. Treatments with aeration and full irrigation increased average value of CO₂ fluxes and cumulative emissions of soil CO₂ throughout the whole growing period compared to relative non-aeration and deficit irrigation, but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05). The average value of CO₂ fluxes was 229.31, 193.66, 259.10 and 224.76 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The maximum cumulative emission of CO₂was 6 383.43 kg·ha^-1 in AI2 treatment, which was 1.12, 1.32 and 1.13 times as that in AI1, CK1 and CK2 treatments, respectively. Soil water filled pore space (WFPS) during the whole growing season showed a decreasing trend in different treatments, soil temperature (T) showed a increasing trend and the difference between treatments was relatively small at the same time, while soil organic carbon (SOC) showed a fluctuant pattern. In addition, aerated irrigation decreased T and WFPS, but increased SOC compared to unaerated irrigation, and the treatment effects was not significant. Full irrigation increased WFPS and SOC indistinctively compared to deficit irrigation, while the effects of full irrigation and deficit irrigation on T was different. A negative correlation between soil CO₂ emissions and WFPS was observed, while a positive correlation between soil CO₂ emissions and T and SOC was observed, but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05). 【Conclusion】Compared to non-aeration, aeration increased soil CO₂ emissions, but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05). This study provided some scientific basis and a useful reference for assessing farmland ecological effects and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from greenhouse soils of aerated irrigation.

Key words: aerated irrigation, CO₂, emission, soil, tomato, soil organic carbon

陈慧，侯会静，蔡焕杰，朱艳，王超. 加气灌溉对番茄地土壤CO₂排放的调控效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(17): 3380-3390.

CHEN Hui, HOU Hui-jing, CAI Huan-jie, ZHU Yan, WANG Chao. Effects of Aerated Irrigation on CO₂ Emissions from Soils of Tomato Fields[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(17): 3380-3390.

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加气灌溉对番茄地土壤CO₂排放的调控效应

Effects of Aerated Irrigation on CO₂ Emissions from Soils of Tomato Fields

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