中国农业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 2322-2332.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.12.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄淮海北部农田犁底层现状及其特征

 振1,李玉义1,逄焕成1,王 婧1,张 莉1,董国豪2,郭建军2,郭智慧2

 
  

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081
    2山东省德州市农业科学研究院,山东德州 253000
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-20 出版日期:2016-06-16 发布日期:2016-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 逄焕成,E-mail:panghuancheng@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:翟振,E-mail:zhaizhentab@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201303130)

Study on Present Situation and Characteristics of Plow Pan in the Northern Region of Huang Huai Hai Plain

ZHAI Zhen1, LI Yu-yi1, PANG Huan-cheng1, WANG Jing1, ZHANG Li1DONG Guo-hao2, GUO Jian-jun2, GUO Zhi-hui2   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2 Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, Shandong
  • Received:2015-11-20 Online:2016-06-16 Published:2016-06-16

摘要: 【目的】研究黄淮海北部地区犁底层分布现状及特征。【方法】采用布点取样方法,根据黄淮海北部区土壤质地分布图结合第二次土壤普查点位选取山东陵县、河北吴桥县共108个点位,于2014年冬小麦拔节期进行剖面取样调查,测定0—45 cm不同层次土壤水分含量、土壤容重及穿透阻力。【结果】(1)黄淮海北部地区耕层平均厚度在14.74 cm,约有76%的被调研点存在明显的犁底层,犁底层主要分布在15—30 cm;(2)黄淮海北部区农田剖面各层次土壤容重及穿透阻力存在显著差异,犁底层容重最大,平均容重在1.54 g·cm-3左右,显著大于耕层和心土层,在冬小麦拔节期犁底层穿透阻力为1 371.00—4 256.00 kPa,显著大于耕层及心土层穿透阻力;(3)冬小麦整个生育期犁底层穿透阻力均大于2 000 kPa,阻碍了小麦根系的深扎,造成小麦根系分布浅层化,这在冬小麦生长缺水的地区,易造成作物水分胁迫,同时不利于根系吸收深层养分;(4)土壤穿透阻力土壤与含水量及容重之间有着极显著相关关系,土壤穿透阻力有随着容重的增加而增加的趋势,二者之间回归方程为:y= 3 854.09x+3 891.99(y为穿透阻力,x为土壤容重,r =0.84);当容重低于1.4 g·cm-3时,土壤穿透阻力均低于 2 000 kPa,穿透阻力不会对作物根系生长产生障碍,而当土壤容重在1.4 g·cm-3以上时,穿透阻力对作物的影响同时取决于土壤含水量,穿透阻力随着土壤水分的增加而降低,对应线性回归方程为:y = -75.93 x + 3 153.83(y为穿透阻力,x为土壤质量含水量,r=0.82)。 【结论】在现行以旋耕为主的传统耕作模式下,黄淮海北部地区农田犁底层是普遍存在的,不利于作物根系生长及作物对土壤养分的充分利用,需要适度打破犁底层,构建合理耕层结构。

关键词: 黄淮海平原, 犁底层, 容重, 穿透阻力, 土壤水分

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this paper is to study the present situation and characteristics of plow pan in the northern region of Huang Huai Hai plain.【Method】 In this study, 108 investigation points distributed in Wuqiao County of Hebei province and Ling County of Shandong province were selected according to the soil texture distribution data and the Second China National Soil Survey. At each investigation point, the soil moisture content, soil bulk density and penetration resistance of different soil levels from top surface to 45 cm during the jointing stage of winter wheat were determined. 【Result】 The average thickness of topsoil in the northern region of Huang Huai Hai plain was 14.74 cm, and the plow pan distributed from 15 to 30 cm existed at about 76% of all investigated points. It was also found that the bulk density and penetration resistance among each soil layer have significant differences. The bulk density of plow pan was about 1.54 g·cm-3 which was the largest in soil profile. Also the penetration resistance of plow pan during the jointing stage of winter wheat varied from 1 371.00 kPa to 4 256.00 kPa, which was significantly higher than that of top soil and subsoil. During the whole growth period of winter wheat, the penetration resistance of plow pan was always larger than 2 000 kPa which restrained the growth of root, and primarily distributed in shallow soil, and this led to the increased water stress to winter wheat and nutrient uptake from deep soil in water deficient area. A very significant correlation between soil penetration resistance and bulk density, soil water content was observed. In addition, the penetration resistance of soil showed a increasing trend with the increased soil bulk density and the regression equation is y=3 854.09x+3 891.99 (y is penetration resistance, x is the bulk density, r=0.84). When the bulk density is less than 1.4 g·cm-3, soil penetration resistance was lower than 2 000 kPa, which was not an obstacle for root growth. When the soil bulk density is 1.4 g·cm-3 or more, the effect of soil penetration resistance on winter wheat growth mainly depended on the soil moisture, and the regression equation between them is y= -75.93x + 3 153.83 (y is penetration resistance, x is the water content of soil, r= 0.82). 【Conclusion】 In a whole, plow pan is widespread under the traditional rotary-based tillage mode in the northern Huang Huai Hai, which would be an obstacle for crop root growth and the utilization of soil nutrients. So moderately breaking the plough pan and building a reasonable soil structure is required.

Key words: Huang Huai Hai plain, plow pan, bulk weight, penetration resistance, soil water