甘蓝型油菜与AnAnCnCnCoCo六倍体的可交配性及杂交种菌核病抗性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.24.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】利用甘蓝与甘蓝型油菜的六倍体杂交种为桥梁与甘蓝型油菜回交，从回交种的自交后代中选育理想的甘蓝型油菜个体，是将甘蓝遗传成分转入甘蓝型油菜的一种新策略。调查多份甘蓝型油菜与六倍体的可交配性及杂交种后代的育性，并以油菜菌核病抗性为例，以验证该策略在甘蓝型油菜遗传改良中的应用潜力。【方法】用菌核病抗性较强的野生甘蓝与甘蓝型油菜中双9号进行种间远缘杂交，采用胚挽救及染色体加倍技术创建AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o六倍体。通过调查六倍体与9份甘蓝型油菜的杂交结实率，分析六倍体与甘蓝型油菜的可交配性。通过调查六倍体与9份甘蓝型油菜的杂交种F₁的自交、自由授粉结实率和菌核病抗性水平，反映杂交种F₁代的结实能力以及目标性状的改良情况。【结果】经鉴定，六倍体含有20条A基因组染色体和36条C基因组染色体，即染色体组成为AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o。该六倍体同时具有甘蓝亲本和甘蓝型油菜亲本中双9号的遗传物质，其自交结实率和自由授粉结实率分别为5.6和8.6粒/角。六倍体与9份甘蓝型油菜杂交的结角率在69.1%—92.9%，每角粒数介于4.7—10.5，不同基因型的甘蓝型油菜与六倍体杂交结果率和每角粒数均存在显著差异（P＜0.01）。所调查的9份杂交种F₁的花粉育性达到正常水平，但自交结实率和自由授粉结实率分别为11.4—20.7粒和19.9—26.1粒，基因型间均存在显著差异（P＜0.0001），自交结实率和自由授粉结实率之间相关性显著（r = 0.67*，P＜0.05）。综合2013和2014年的茎秆菌核病抗性鉴定数据，六倍体相对于中双9号的相对感病度为0.47，9份甘蓝型油菜的相对感病度在0.94—1.26，亲本基因型之间抗性水平差异显著（P＜0.0001）。9份杂交种F₁的相对感病度为0.56—1.10，均介于对应的双亲之间，且与甘蓝型油菜亲本的抗性水平显著相关（r = 0.78*, P＜0.05）。其中5份杂交种F₁的相对感病度显著低于对应的甘蓝型油菜亲本（P＜0.05），即其抗性水平相对于原甘蓝型油菜亲本获得明显提高。【结论】AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o六倍体有一定的结实能力，与甘蓝型油菜的可交配性受油菜基因型显著影响，但均易获得具有较好（一定）结实性的杂交种后代，目标性状在杂交种一代获得显著改良。

关键词: 甘蓝, 甘蓝型油菜, AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o六倍体, 可交配性, 油菜菌核病

Abstract: 【Objective】 It was previously proposed to transfer genetic components from Brassica oleracea into B. napus via the bridge of hexaploid derived from B. napus and B. oleracea. The present study was carried out to assess the potential of the hexaploid strategy in rapeseed improvement by investigating crossability between B. napus and hexaploid and evaluating fertility and sclerotinia resistance in the hybrids.【Method】 The hexaploid AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^owas developed by embryo rescue and chromosome doubling from a interspecific cross between B. napus var. Zhongshuang 9 and a wild B. oleracea accession with strong sclerotinia resistance. The crossability between the hexaploid and nine B. napus accessions was studied by investigating the seed setting rate of pollinated flowers, and the seed set from open- and self-pollination of the nine F₁ hybrids were checked to reveal the fertility of the F₁ generation. The sclerotinia resistance was assessed as well in the nine F₁ hybrids to investigate the improving efficiency of targeted trait. 【Result】 The hexaploid was identified to have 20 chromosomes from A genome and 36 chromosomes belonging to C genome, indicating the AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o genome structure of the hexaploid. Genetic components from both Zhongshuang 9 and the wild B. oleracea were identified in the hexaploid. The seed set of hexaploid averaged 5.6 and 8.6 seeds/pod for self- and open- pollination, respectively. The pod setting rate of crosses between hexaploid and nine B. napus genotypes was 69.1%-92.9%, yielding 4.7-10.5 seeds per pod. A significant difference was detected among the nine crosses for both the pod setting rate and the seed set (P＜0.01). The F₁ hybrids showed normal pollen fertility but varied seed sets after selfing (11.4-20.7) and open pollination (19.9-26.1 seeds/pod) (P＜0.0001), with a positive correlation (r = 0.67*, P＜0.05) between the selfed- and open- seed sets. Based on stem resistance evaluation across 2013 and 2014, the relative susceptibility of hexaploid to Zhongshuang 9 was 0.47, while the relative susceptibility of the nine B. napus parental lines were 0.94-1.26, with significant differences among genotypes (P＜0.0001). The relative susceptibilities of F₁ hybrids were 0.56-1.10, being intermediate between corresponding parental lines and significantly associated with the resistance level of the B. napus parent (r = 0.78*, P＜0.05). Among the nine hybrids, five showed significantly lower relative susceptibilities as compared to their corresponding B. napus parents (P＜0.05), suggesting improved sclerotinia resistance in these F₁ hybrids. 【Conclusion】Although the crossability of B. napus with the AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o hexaploid, which has good fertility, was significantly affected by parental B. napus, it is easy to develop F₁ hybrids with good fertility and markedly improved performances in the targeted traits.

Key words: Brassica oleracea; Brassica napus, hexaploid AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o;crossability, Sclerotiniasclerotiorum

刘瑶，丁一娟，汪雷，万华方，梅家琴，钱伟. 甘蓝型油菜与AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o六倍体的可交配性及杂交种菌核病抗性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(24): 4885-4891.

LIU Yao, DING Yi-juan,WANG Lei,WAN Hua-fang,MEI Jia-qin, QIAN Wei. Crossability Between Brassica napus with Hexaploid AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o and Sclerotinia Resistance in the Hybrids[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(24): 4885-4891.

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甘蓝型油菜与AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o六倍体的可交配性及杂交种菌核病抗性

Crossability Between Brassica napus with Hexaploid AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o and Sclerotinia Resistance in the Hybrids

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