中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (22): 4517-4528.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.22.012

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同打破休眠方式对‘密斯梯’越橘叶片光合特性及保护酶活性的影响

魏鑫,魏永祥,郭丹,孙斌,王兴东,刘成   

  1. 辽宁省果树科学研究所,辽宁营口 115009
  • 收稿日期:2015-07-13 出版日期:2015-11-16 发布日期:2015-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 刘成,Tel:13940711808;E-mail:stevecliu@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:魏鑫,Tel:13941716326;E-mail:run2010@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD02B04-04)、辽宁省科技厅农业攻关计划(2014204007)、辽宁省科技厅科技特派计划(2014215031)

Effects of Different Breaking Dormancy Ways on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Activities of Protective Enzymes of ‘Misty’ Blueberry Leaves

WEI Xin, WEI Yong-xiang, GUO Dan, SUN Bin, WANG Xing-dong, LIU Cheng   

  1. Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, Liaoning
  • Received:2015-07-13 Online:2015-11-16 Published:2015-11-16

摘要: 【目的】利用越橘品种‘密斯梯’叶片常绿、需冷量低的特点,研究设施条件下不同打破休眠方式处理对‘密斯梯’越橘功能叶片光合特性、保护酶活性、物候期及果实品质的影响机制,为设施越橘提早休眠、提早打破休眠、提早成熟提供理论依据。【方法】以5年生‘密斯梯’越橘为试材,设2种打破休眠处理和1个对照:9月22日入冷库休眠、10月8日出库升温,低温持续时间384 h为处理1;11月4日棚内休眠、11月20日升温,低温持续时间384 h为处理2;不休眠、低温持续时间0 h为对照。在花序伸出期至果实成熟期测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)及抗坏血酸氧化酶(ASP)活性和光合生理参数、叶绿素荧光参数、可溶性总糖、可滴定总酸及维生素C含量等指标,并记录主要物候期。【结果】2个处理和对照叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、PSII实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、PSII最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、POD、PPO和抗坏血酸氧化酶(ASP)均呈单峰变化趋势,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,而CAT呈现逐渐上升的变化趋势,且处理2各指标的峰值和谷值均晚于处理1和对照;2014年3月20日,处理1和处理2的新生叶片均已取代上一季叶片成为功能叶片,维持植株正常的新陈代谢,而对照植株新生叶片光合能力较弱,植株的正常生长受到抑制;处理1可以使果实提早成熟上市,但升温后植株到达萌芽、开花和果实成熟等物候期的时间长于处理2,尤以叶芽萌芽期与展叶期最为突出。而对照植株升温后到达各物候期的时间均长于处理1和处理2;处理2植株的果实除维生素C和单株产量显著高于处理1外,其余各项经济性状指标差异不显著,且打破休眠处理果实各项经济性状指标均显著高于不休眠处理的。【结论】造成‘密斯梯’越橘叶片Pn在升温后期下降的原因可能是叶片衰老导致PSⅡ光系统受到限制和抗氧化酶活性下降共同引起的;光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数和保护酶活性的差异是不休眠处理中无论果实品质或平均单果重和平均株产均显著低于打破休眠处理的原因;果实发育中后期,叶片Pn的高低对果实品质的影响比重更大。处理2可作为大连地区越橘常规设施栽培的参考标准。

关键词: 越橘, 休眠, 光合特性, 保护酶活性

Abstract: 【Objective】As evergreen leaf and low chilling requirement of ‘Misty’ blueberry, the influence mechanism of photosynthetic characteristics, protective enzyme activities, phenophase and fruit quality of functional leaf under greenhouse conditions for different breaking dormancy ways were studied to provide the theoretical basis for earlier dormancy, earlier breaking dormancy and maturity in advance of blueberry in greenhouse.【Method】Using the 5-year-old ‘Misty’ blueberry as the material, 2 treatments and 1 control were set: the treatment 1 (dormancy in cold stores at Sep.22th, out-store at Oct.8th, 384 h for dormancy), the treatment 2 (dormancy in greenhouse at Nov.4th, warming at Nov.20th, 384 h for dormancy) and control (0 h for dormancy) were designed. The activities of CAT, POD, PPO, ASP, photosynthetic physiology, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, soluble sugar, titratable acidity and Vc during the exhibition heading stage to the maturity of the fruit were determined, and the main phenophase was recorded;【Result】The Pn, Tr, Gs, ΦPSⅡ, Fv/Fm, qP, POD, PPO and ASP in leaves of the 2 treatments and 1 control exhibited a single peak changing trend, the Ci and NPQ showed a declining-rising trend, the CAT rose gradually, the peaks and valleys for treatment 2 were later than the other two treatments; March 20th, 2014, the last season’s functional leaves were substituted by the new leaves of treatment 1and 2 to maintain the normal metabolism, the photosynthetic capacity of non new leaves were weak, the growth of plants were inhibited; The maturity of blueberry can be brought forward during treatment 1, but the plant reached sprouting, blossoming and fruit ripening were longer than treatment 2, the date of leaf sprouting and stretching date of leaf were affected obviously. The phenophase of non-dormant fruits were longer than dormant fruits after warming. The differences were not significant except for Vc content and berry yield per plant between treatment 2 and treatment 1, and the economy characteristics of breaking dormant fruits were significantly higher than non-dormant fruits. 【Conclusion】The reason for the decline after warming of Pn in ‘Misty’ blueberry maybe lead by restricted of PSⅡ system and the decline of antioxidant enzymes in leaves. Which the fruit quality, the per fruit weight, the grain yield per plant was significantly lower than breaking dormant treatments in non-dormant treatment were because the difference in photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and activities of protective enzyme in blueberry. Treatment 2 can be used as a reference standard for conventional greenhouse cultivation of blueberry in Dalian.

Key words: blueberry, dormancy, photosynthetic characteristics, activities of protective enzyme