株高对遗传群体水稻株系氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.22.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确遗传背景相似、生育期相近的遗传群体水稻株高对氮素吸收利用效率的影响。【方法】在群体水培条件下，以遗传背景相似的染色体单片段代换系114个水稻株系为供试材料，依据株高将供试群体聚类分为A、B、C、D、E和F 6类，研究不同株高类型水稻产量、氮素吸收和利用的差异及其相互间的关系。【结果】（1）供试群体株高表现出差异较大但分布相对集中的特点；（2）随着株高的增加，不同类型水稻产量总体呈上升趋势，超高株系增幅更大；（3）随着株高的增加，不同类型水稻成熟期吸氮量呈明显上升趋势，在超高株高情况下表现更突出；（4）水稻成熟期总吸氮量可以从全株含氮率与干物质生产量、抽穗前吸氮量与抽穗后吸氮量、单位面积穗数与单茎（穗）吸氮量、生长日数与吸氮强度4个方面进行解析。随着株高的上升，干物质生产量、抽穗期吸氮量、单穗吸氮量、吸氮强度均表现为上升趋势，但植株含氮率、生长日数类型间无明显差异，A-E供试群体范围内单位面积穗数和抽穗后吸氮量也无明显变化，F显著高于其他类型。进一步分析表明，各吸氮量构成因子对成熟期吸氮量的作用表现为：干物质生产量大于含氮率，抽穗前吸氮量大于抽穗后吸氮量，单穗吸氮量大于单位面积穗数，吸氮强度大于生长日数；（5）在A-E供试群体范围内，氮素干物质生产效率、氮素籽粒生产效率变化较小，氮素收获指数总体呈下降趋势，F类供试群体这3个指标除氮素干物质生产效率略低外，均显著低于其他类型。可见，株高在正常变化范围（A-E类）内与增加到超高（F类）后，株高的改变对氮素吸收、氮素利用的影响有一定的差异。因此，不同株高范围内氮素营养改良的重点应作出相应的调整。【结论】在所有株系内增加株高使水稻成熟期氮素吸收能力显著提高，但氮素收获指数、氮素籽粒生产效率有所降低，在株高150 cm以上的在超高株系下这种趋势更突出。表明不同株高范围内，株高对氮素吸收、氮素利用的影响有所不同，为此在水稻氮高效遗传改良时应充分考虑到这个因素。

关键词: 水稻, 染色体单片段代换系, 株高, 氮素吸收, 氮素利用

Abstract: 【Objective】To clarify the relationship between the plant height and the nitrogen absorption and utilization in rice populations derived from CSSSL (chromosome single segment substitutive lines) progenies. 【Method】 To investigate the relationship between the plant height and the yield, yield components, nitrogen absorption, and utilization, a total of 114 lines derived from chromosomal single segment substitution lines (CSSSLs) were employed in hydroponic culture in 2010 and 2011. Basing on the distribution of the plant height, these CSSSLs could be clustered by MinSSw method into six categories (namely A, B, C, D, E, and F in the order from short to tall statue). 【Result】As the plant height increased from category A to F, the yield, total nitrogen absorption at maturity, total dry matter at maturity, nitrogen absorption at the heading stage, nitrogen absorption per panicle, and daily nitrogen absorption quantity all increased. However, the nitrogen content in a percentage of the whole plant and the growth period showed no significant differences among the categories. The panicle number per unit area and nitrogen absorption at the grain-filling phase showed no significant differences among the categories A to E, while they showed significant increases in category F. Further analysis revealed that the total nitrogen absorption at maturity depended more on the dry matter weight rather than the nitrogen content in percentage, more on the nitrogen absorption at the heading stage rather than those at the grain-filling stage, more on the nitrogen absorption per panicle rather than the panicle number per unit area, and more on the daily nitrogen absorption quantity rather than the growth duration. In addition, the dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen utilizing efficiency per grain production (NUEg) showed limited change, while the N harvest index showed a decreasing trend. Referring to the category F, these three indices all showed a decreasing trend, while the NUEg and N harvest index showed greater extent of change. Therefore, the major indices for improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency should be set according to the plant height.【Conclusion】As the lines increased in the plant height, the nitrogen absorption at maturity increased. However, this was accompanied by the decreases in N harvest index and N grain production efficiency. This trend was more prominent in lines with exceptional tall plant height.

Key words: rice, CSSSL population, plant height, nitrogen absorption, nitrogen utilization

陈琛，王熠，羊彬，朱正康，曹文雅，罗刚，周娟，王祥菊，于小凤，袁秋梅，仲军，姚友礼，黄建晔，王余龙，董桂春. 株高对遗传群体水稻株系氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(22): 4450-4459.

CHEN Chen, WANG Yi, YANG Bin, ZHU Zheng-kang, CAO Wen-ya, LUO Gang, ZHOU Juan, WANG Xiang-ju, YU Xiao-feng, YUAN Qiu-mei, ZHONG Jun, YAO You-li, HUANG Jian-ye, WANG Yu-long, DONG Gui-chu. Plant Height Affects Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Rice with Similar Genetic Background[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(22): 4450-4459.

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