扬麦系列品种品质性状相关基因的分子检测

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.19.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确扬麦系列品种品质基因分布，为遗传育种和生产上应用扬麦品种提供参考。【方法】以21份扬麦系列品种的单系纯种为材料。采用SKCS-4100型单粒谷物特性测定仪测定籽粒硬度。采用功能性标记和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离技术对硬度、低分子量谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）、编码直链淀粉合成关键酶的Wx、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、黄色素含量（PSY）和穗发芽抗性（Vp1）基因进行鉴定，利用SDS-PAGE蛋白质电泳技术对高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）和Wx蛋白亚基进行鉴定分析。【结果】籽粒硬度分析表明21份扬麦系列品种材料中，软麦有16份，频率为76.19%，而硬麦和混合麦仅为19.05%和4.76%。分子检测表明硬麦和混合麦材料中有4份为pinb-D1b硬度基因突变，频率为供试材料的19.05%，其硬度指数均在60左右；16份软麦材料中未发现pinb-D1b硬度基因突变。HMW-GS分布情况为:Glu-A1位点1和Null频率分别为38.10%和61.90%，Glu-B1位点7+8和7+9频率分别为57.14%和42.86%，Glu-D1位点2+12和5+10频率分别为85.71%和14.29%。LMW-GS以“Glu-A3c，Glu-B3g”基因型为主，Glu-A3位点Glu-A3c和Glu-A3d基因型频率分别为90.48%和9.52%，Glu-B3位点Glu-B3g和Glu-B3i基因型频率分别为95.24%和4.76%。Wx分子检测表明仅扬麦13为Wx-B1b突变型；Wx蛋白电泳分析表明仅扬麦13和扬麦5号Wx-B1位点蛋白亚基缺失。2AL位点上高PPO活性基因型Ppo-A1a和低PPO活性基因型Ppo-A1b的频率分别为52.38%和42.86%，2DL位点低PPO活性基因型Ppo-D1频率为90.48%。高和低黄色素含量标记基因Psy-A1a和Psy-A1b，频率分别为19.05%和80.95%。穗发芽抗性基因功能标记Vp1B3扩增出抗穗发芽Vp1Bc和感穗发芽Vp1Ba两种基因型，频率分别为90.48%和9.52%。【结论】扬麦系列品种多数为弱筋小麦，这与其pinb-D1位点为pinb-D1a、Glu-A1和Glu-D1位点多为Null和2+12、Glu-A3多为c有关，可用作弱筋小麦育种的亲本；扬麦158和扬麦16等品种中筋品质优良，可能主要与其pinb-D1位点发生变异有关，在中筋品质改良中应加强pinb-D1位点变异的选择；扬麦1号、扬麦4号、扬麦5号、扬麦9号、扬麦18、扬麦19和扬麦22携有低PPO活性和低黄色素含量基因，可用作改良面粉白度和色泽的亲本；扬麦2号、扬麦4号和扬麦5号Glu-D1位点为“5+10”亚基，扬麦13和扬麦5号Wx-B1蛋白缺失，为扬麦系列品种中少有的优质性状，可用于改良中筋小麦的蛋白质和淀粉品质。

关键词: 普通小麦, 品质, 基因, 分子标记

Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of this study is to clarify the distribution of quality-related genes in Yangmai series wheat varieties and provide guidance for wheat genetic breeding and production. 【Method】Single pedigree of twenty-one Yangmai wheat varieties were selected. Grain hardness was measured by single grain analyzer SKCS-4100. Hardness gene, low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene (LMW-GS), Wx gene coding key enzyme for amylose synthesis, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene, yellow pigment content (PSY) gene and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (Vp1) gene were detected in twenty-one Yangmai wheat varieties by their corresponding functional markers through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technology, while high molecular weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GS）and Wx protein subunits composition were detected by SDS-PAGE. 【Result】There are sixteen soft wheat through grain hardness analyzer, which accounted for 76.19%, however, the hard and mixed wheat only accounted for 19.05% and 4.76%, respectively. In hardness and mixed wheat, there are four varieties with pinb-D1b mutation, but in sixteen soft wheat, no mutation of Pinb-D1b was found. When detecting the composition of HMW-GS, allele 1 and Null accounted for 38.10% and 61.90%, respectively, at the Glu-A1 locus, and allele 7+8 and 7+9 at Glu-B1 took up 57.14% and 42.86%, respectively, whereas at the Glu-D1 locus, allele 2+12 was 85.71%, 5+10 was 14.29%, respectively. Meanwhile, for LMW-GS compositions, “Glu-A3c, Glu-B3g” was the main genotype. Genotype frequencies of Glu-A3c and Glu-A3d were 90.48% and 9.52%, respectively. Glu-B3g and Glu-B3i frequencies were 95.24% and 4.76%, respectively. Molecular detection indicated that the allele variation Wx-B1b which resulted inthe subunit Wx-B1 deletion was only found in Yangmai13. However, SDS-PAGE method turned out that Yangmai13 and Yangmai5 both lacked Wx-B1 subunit. Results also showed that, in all twenty-one Yangmai varieties, at 2AL locus for PPO activity, the frequency of Ppo-A1a for high PPO activity was 52.38%, and Ppo-A1b related low PPO activity was 42.86%. Apart from Ppo-A1b, another low PPO related gene Ppo-D1 located on 2DL, whose frequency was 90.48%. It was also found that phytoene synthase genes Psy-A1a and Psy-A1b accounted for 19.05% and 80.95%, respectively. When detecting pre-harvest sprouting tolerance gene with marker Vp1B3, tolerant genotype Vp1Bc and susceptible genotype Vp1Bawere amplified in this report, accounting for 90.48% and 9.52%, respectively.【Conclusion】Most Yangmai varieties were soft wheat, which was due to the pinb-D1a genotype at pinb-D1 locus, Null and 2 + 12 at Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci and Glu-A3c at Glu-A3 locus. These varieties can be applied as donor parents in weak gluten wheat breeding. Quality of middle-gluten wheat Yangmai15 and Yangmai16 were superior mostly because of the Pinb-D1 locus mutation, so the selection of Pinb-D1 mutation should be enhanced in quality improvement breeding for middle-gluten wheat. Yangmai1, Yangmai4, Yangmai5, Yangmai9, Yangmai18, Yangmai19 and Yangmai22 with low polyphenol oxidase activities and low yellow pigment content could be used as donors for selecting materials with high flour whiteness and good color. Yangmai158, Yangmai10, Yangmai16 and Yangmai17 varieties with Pinb-D1b allele, Yangmai2, Yangmai4 and Yangmai5 with subunit pair of “5+10” at Glu-D1 locus, Yangmai13 and Yangmai5 with Wx-B1 deletion, could be applied to the protein and starch quality improvement of middle-gluten wheat for their high quality traits.

Key words: common wheat, quality, gene, molecular markers

张晓，张伯桥，江伟，吕国锋，张晓祥，李曼，高德荣. 扬麦系列品种品质性状相关基因的分子检测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(19): 3779-3793.

ZHANG Xiao, ZHANG Bo-qiao, JIANG Wei, Lü Guo-feng, ZHANG Xiao-xiang, LI Man, GAO De-rong. Molecular Detection for Quality Traits-Related Genes in Yangmai Series Wheat Cultivars[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(19): 3779-3793.

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