中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (17): 3524-3540.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.17.018

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

主要果树果实品质遗传改良与提升实践

陈学森1,郭文武2,徐娟2,丛佩华3,王力荣4,刘崇怀4,李秀根4,吴树敬1,姚玉新1,陈晓流1   

  1. 1山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
    2华中农业大学园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室/农业部华中地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室/柑橘研究所,武汉 430070
    3中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城 125100
    4中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州 450009
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-12 出版日期:2015-09-01 发布日期:2015-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 陈学森,E-mail:chenxs@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈学森,E-mail:chenxs@sdau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB100606)、国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303093)、国家自然科学基金(31171932)

Genetic Improvement and Promotion of Fruit Quality of Main Fruit Trees

CHEN Xue-sen1, GUO Wen-wu2, XU Juan2, CONG Pei-hua3, WANG Li-rong4, LIU Chong-huai4, LI Xiu-gen4, WU Shu-jing1,YAO Yu-xin1, CHEN Xiao-liu1   

  1. 1College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong
    2Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Central China Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture/Citrus Research Institute, Huazhong  Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
    3 Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resourses Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning
    4Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009
  • Received:2015-02-12 Online:2015-09-01 Published:2015-09-01

摘要: 全面总结分析国内外果树果实品质改良现状、中国果树品质改良与发达国家的差距与成因,在此基础上系统阐述柑橘、苹果、梨、桃及葡萄等主要果树果实品质遗传改良的目标、技术途径与成果、品质性状遗传倾向、芽变机理,并举例阐述柑橘原生质体融合与无核品种创制、功能型苹果及其育种技术体系创建、早熟核果类果树品种和无核葡萄胚培育种、野生樱桃李资源品种化及转基因缩短童期新技术等方面取得的突破性进展。最后针对中国果实品质改良提出几条建议:进一步加强野生果树资源评价及亲本利用研究,努力拓宽栽培品种的遗传基础,协同提升果实品质;进一步开展细胞工程等生物技术以及芽变机理和性状遗传变异规律研究,建立生物技术与常规技术结合、杂交育种与芽变选种优势互补的果树果实品质高效改良技术体系;进一步加强新品系的国际品种区域栽培试验及国际品种权申请与保护,培育国际性的果树“大品种”。

关键词: 苹果, 柑橘, 梨, 葡萄, 桃, 果实品质, 改良育种

Abstract: The current situation of fruit quality improvement both at home and abroad, the gaps between China and the developed countries and the reasons causing these gaps were firstly summarized and analyzed. Based on the review, the aim of the genetic improvement for citrus, apple, pear, peach, grape and other main fruit trees, the techniques used in genetic improvement and the achievements obtained, fruit quality genetic predisposition and mechanisms of bud mutation sere systematically discussed. Meanwhile, the breakthroughs in citrus protoplast fusion and seedless variety creation, functional apple breeding system establishment, the embryo culture of early ripening stone fruit varieties, seedless grape, varieties developing from wild cherry plum, and juvenile shortening transgenic technology were illustrated through presenting the concrete successful cases. Lastly, three recommendations directed at Chinese fruit quality improvement were proposed: Further strengthening the research, utilization and evaluation of wild fruit tree resources to broad the genetic basis of the fruit cultivars and enhance the fruit quality. Further deepening the research on biotechnological approaches such as cell engineering, the mechanism of bud mutation, and the principles of genetic variation of traits to establish a fruit improvement technique system with high efficiency combining modern biotechnology and conventional techniques and sexual cross breeding and bud mutation selection. Further strengthening the regional cultivation tests of new international varieties and applying for variety right international protection to culture international “Big variety”.

Key words: apple, citrus, pear, grape, peach, fruit quality, improved breeding