不同喷射角微喷带灌溉对土壤水分布与冬小麦 耗水特性及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.24.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同喷射角微喷带灌溉对土壤水分布与冬小麦耗水特性及籽粒产量的影响，以期为创新小麦节水灌溉技术，实现小麦高产高效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】2010—2012年冬小麦生长季，选用高产冬小麦品种济麦22，在田间条件下设置T0：生育期不灌水；T1、T2、T3、T4采用微喷带灌溉，微喷带带长均为40 m，喷射角分别为35°、50°、65°和80°。每条微喷带沿小麦种植行向铺设在行间，灌溉左右各4行（L1—L4）小麦，实际灌溉宽度1.6 m。【结果】（1）拔节和开花期采用微喷带补灌，同一处理下，各取样区间L1—L4的0—200 cm土层土壤含水量变化规律一致，其中T1、T2和T3处理的各行间上部土层土壤含水量均表现为：随行间距离微喷带增加，土壤含水量逐渐降低；随微喷带喷射角增大，灌溉水在土壤中的分布均匀系数显著增加。T4处理各行间0—200 cm各土层土壤含水量无显著差异，灌溉水在土壤中的分布均匀系数最高。（2）与T1、T2和T3处理相比，T4处理在拔节期至开花期对40—80 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量和开花至成熟期20—80 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量显著升高，对深层土壤贮水消耗量和总土壤贮水消耗量显著降低，拔节至开花期的阶段耗水量、开花期补灌水量、总灌水量和总耗水量亦显著降低。（3）T4处理的籽粒产量、产量水分利用效率和土壤贮水利用效率显著高于其余各处理。【结论】在本试验条件下，采用80°喷射角的微喷带灌溉处理是兼顾高产和高水分利用效率的最优处理。

关键词: 微喷带灌溉 , 喷射角 , 土壤水分布 , 耗水特性 , 籽粒产量 , 冬小麦

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses of different sprinkling angles on soil water distribution and water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat, to provide a scientific basis for innovating water-saving irrigation technology and achieving high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of wheat. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted with high-yield winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 in Yan Zhou, Shandong Province during 2010-2012 growing seasons. Five irrigation treatments were designed: T0, no irrigation during the whole growth stage; T1, T2, T3, T4 were irrigated with micro-sprinkling hose, and the sprinkling angles were 35°, 50°, 65° and 80°, respectively. The length of all micro-sprinkling hose was 40 m. The hose was put at the middle of the border along the direction of wheat rows, which irrigated the four rows (L1-L4) besides it, the irrigation width was 1.6 m in field.【Result】Under the condition of micro-sprinkling irrigation applied at jointing and anthesis stages, the soil water content in 0-200 cm soil layer from L1 to L4 of each sampling area in the same treatment had the same change law. The soil water content in the upper soil layers decreased with increasing the distance from inter-rows of wheat to micro-sprinkling hose in T1, T2 and T3 treatments, and the irrigation water distribution uniformity in soil increased with increasing the sprinkling angle from 35° to 65°. There was no significant difference among each inter-rows of wheat in soil water content of 0-200 cm soil layer in T4 treatment, and the irrigation water distribution uniformity in soil of T4 treatment was the highest. Compared to other treatments, the soil water consumption in 40-80 cm soil layer from jointing to anthesis and in 20-80 cm soil layer from anthesis to maturity in T4 treatment were the highest, while the water consumption from jointing to anthesis, irrigation amount in anthesis and total irrigation amount, total water consumption in T4 treatment were the lowest. The grain yield, yield water use efficiency and soil water use efficiency in T4 treatment were higher than those in T1, T2 and T3 treatments. 【Conclusion】As far as high-yield and high-water use efficiency were concerned in this experimental, the most appropriate treatment for recommendation was the one which irrigated with sprinkling angle of 80° micro-sprinkling hose at jointing and anthesis stages.

Key words: micro-sprinkling irrigation, sprinkling angle, soil water distribution, water consumption characteristics, grain yield, winter wheat

满建国, 王东, 张永丽, 石玉, 于振文. 不同喷射角微喷带灌溉对土壤水分布与冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(24): 5098-5112.

MAN Jian-Guo, WANG Dong, ZHANG Yong-Li, SHI Yu, YU Zhen-Wen. Effects of Irrigation with Micro-Sprinkling Hoses of Different Sprinkling Angles on Soil Water Distribution and Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(24): 5098-5112.

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