供应铵态和硝态氮对苹果幼树生长及15N利用特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.18.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】揭示大田栽培条件下，苹果矮化中间砧幼树生长及对不同形态15N的利用、分配特性。【方法】以1年生宫藤富士/SH6/平邑甜茶幼树为试材，采用15N同位素示踪法，研究硝态氮和铵态氮对苹果幼树生长及15N利用和分配的影响。【结果】施肥46 d后，15NO3-15N利用率为3.43%，显著高于15NH4-15N利用率（1.19%）。施用NO3--N后树体生物量、根冠比显著高于NH4+-N，根系中15NO3-15N分配率为27.91%，显著高于15NH4-15N分配率（25.13%）。施肥118 d后，NO3--N肥效降低，表现为树体生物量显著低于NH4+-N处理，15NO3-15N利用率为4.08%，与15NH4-15N利用率相比差异不显著；根系15NO3-15N分配率为31.19%，显著高于根系15NH4-15N分配率（25.10%）。【结论】大田栽培条件下，硝态氮肥效快于铵态氮，利于树体生长和根冠比的迅速提高，但随着生长期的延长铵态氮与硝态氮肥效无显著差异。

关键词: 苹果 , 硝态氮 , 铵态氮 , ¹⁵N , 利用 , 分配

Abstract: 【Objective】 The study was carried out to investigate the growth and properties of 15N allocation and distribution in field grown apple trees with dwarfing interstock. 【Method】 The effectiveness of different forms of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen on growth and properties of 15N distribution of apple trees were studied by using 15N tracer on 1-year-old apple tree (Fuji/SH6/Malus hupehensis Pamp Rehd.).【Result】The results showed that 46 days after fertilization the utilization rate of 15NO3-15N was 3.43%, which significantly higher than 15NH4-15N, and also the growth vigor and root-shoot ratio. The 15NO3-15N partition ratio of base stock was 27.91%, which was also significantly higher than 15NH4-15N partition ratio of base stock of 25.13%. The nitrogen efficiency of NO3--N reduced till 118 days after fertilization, the growth vigor was significantly lower than NH4+-N，and there was no significant difference between the utilization rate of 15NO3-15N and 15NH4-15N. 15NO3-15N partition ratio of base stock (31.19%) was still significantly higher than 15NH4-15N partition ratio of base stock (25.10%). 【Conclusion】 Fertilizer efficiency of nitrate nitrogen was much faster than ammonium nitrogen, but there was no advance in long-term cultivation conditions.

Key words: apple , nitrate nitrogen , ammonium nitrogen , ¹⁵N , utilization , distribution

李晶, 姜远茂, 门永阁, 李洪娜, 周乐, 魏绍冲. 供应铵态和硝态氮对苹果幼树生长及¹⁵N利用特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(18): 3818-3825.

LI Jing, JIANG Yuan-Mao, MEN Yong-Ge, LI Hong-Na, ZHOU Le, WEI Shao-Chong. Effects of Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen on Growth and Properties of 15N Distribution of Apple Trees[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(18): 3818-3825.

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供应铵态和硝态氮对苹果幼树生长及¹⁵N利用特性的影响

Effects of Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen on Growth and Properties of 15N Distribution of Apple Trees

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