不同耕作方式对紫色土侵蚀及磷素流失的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.12.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究川中丘陵区紫色土零散坡耕地在玉米成熟期由降雨引发的水土流失及磷素流失特征，为该区坡耕地养分流失预测评价、防治以及协调区域土地管理，改善生态环境提供理论依据。【方法】采用人工模拟降雨和微小区试验相结合的方法，在玉米成熟期，对平作、顺坡垄作及横坡垄作3种耕作方式的地块进行人工降雨，降雨强度为1.7 mm•min-1,历时40 min。研究人工降雨对地表侵蚀、壤中流量及其磷素流失的影响。【结果】顺坡垄作地表侵蚀量及磷素流失量均最大，其壤中流及磷素流失最小；横坡垄作地表侵蚀量及磷素流失量最小，而壤中流损失较大。不同耕作方式下壤中流总量虽然较地表径流少，但是其磷素含量却很高，总磷浓度均达到了0.2 mg•L-1,约为地表径流的1.3倍。【结论】紫色土零散坡耕地不易采用顺坡垄作，横坡垄作能很好的控制土壤侵蚀，但在日常耕作管理中需注意对垄的修复保护。在整个侵蚀过程中3种耕作方式的径流损失及磷素流失均以地表损失为主，径流中磷素以可溶性磷流失为主。

关键词: 玉米 , 耕作方式 , 紫色土 , 土壤侵蚀 , 磷素流失

Abstract: 【Objective】The characteristics of soil erosion and phosphorus losses caused by rainfall on the scattered sloping cropland in purple soil during the maize maturity were studied in order to provide a theoretical evidence for the prediction, assessment and control of soil nutrient loss and coordinate land management to improve the ecological environment in purple soil area.【Method】The simulated rainfall experiments and runoff plot experiments were employed to investigate the characteristics of surface erosion, subsurface runoff and phosphorus loss among different tillage practices(flat planting, longitudinal ridge and cross ridge) during the maize maturity. Rainfall intensity is 1.7 mm•min-1, rainfall duration for 40 mins.【Result】Tillage practices had no significant influence on the phosphorus concentration in surface runoff，longitudinal ridge produced maximal amount of surface erosion and surface phosphorus loss. Meanwhile，it produced minimal subsurface runoff and subsurface phosphorus loss. Conversely, cross ridge produced minimal surface erosion and surface phosphorus loss，but the subsurface runoff was extremely serious. Although, the total of subsurface runoff were less compared with surface runoff under every tillage practice, but the phosphorus content was very high, the total phosphorus concentration all reached 0.2 mg•L-1, which were about 1.3 times higher than the surface runoff.【Conclusion】On the scattered sloping cropland, longitudinal ridges should not be adopted in normal agricultural production. Cross ridge was proven to be highly effective in control of both soil erosion and P losses, but attention needs to be paid to ridge repairing and protecting. In the whole process of erosion, the surface runoff was a large portion of the total runoff and phosphorus losses, and phosphorus loss in runoff was mainly in a form of dissolved phosphorus.

Key words: corn , tillage practice , purple soil , soil erosion , phosphorus loss

何晓玲, 郑子成, 李廷轩. 不同耕作方式对紫色土侵蚀及磷素流失的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(12): 2492-2500.

HE Xiao-Ling, ZHENG Zi-Cheng, LI Ting-Xuan. Effects of Tillage Practices on Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loss in Sloping Cropland of Purple Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(12): 2492-2500.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.12.010

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2013/V46/I12/2492

参考文献

[1]王先拓, 王玉宽, 傅斌, 王勇强, 王道杰. 川中丘陵区紫色土坡耕地产流特征试验研究. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(5): 9-11.

Wang X T, Wang Y K, Fu B, Wang Y Q, Wang D J. Experimental study on runoff characteristics of slope land in Sichuan Basin. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 20(5): 9-11. (in Chinese)

[2]韩沙沙, 温琰茂. 富营养化水体沉积物中磷的释放及其影响因素. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(2): 98-101.

Han S S, Wen T M. Phosphorus release and affecting factors in the sediments of eutrophic water. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2004, 23(2): 98-101. (in Chinese)

[3]林超文, 陈一兵, 黄晶晶, 涂仕华, 庞良玉. 不同耕作方式和雨强对紫色土养分流失的影响. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(10): 2241-2249.

Lin C W, Chen Y B, Huang J J, Tu S H, Pang L Y. Effect of different cultivation methods and rain intensity on soil nutrient loss from a purple soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(10): 2241-2249. (in Chinese)

[4]Gao Y, Zhu B, Wang T,Wang Y F. Seasonal change of non-point source pollution-induced bioavailable phosphorus loss: A case study of Southwestern China. Journal of Hydrology, 2012, 420-421: 373-379.

[5]周璟, 何丙辉, 刘立志, 何丹. 坡度与种植方式对紫色土侵蚀与养分流失的影响研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2009, 17(2): 239-243.

Zhou J, He B H, Liu L Z, He D. Effect of slope and planting mode on erosion and nutrient loss in purple soils. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2009, 17(2): 239-243. (in Chinese)

[6]Meng Q H, Fu B J, Tang X P, Ren H C. Effects of land use on phosphorus loss in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China. Environ Monit Assess, 2008, 139: 195-204.

[7]许峰, 蔡强国, 吴淑安, 张光远. 坡地等高植物篱带间距对表土养分流失影响. 土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 1999, 5(2): 23-29.

Xu F, Cai Q G, Wu S A, Zhang G Y. Effect of contour hedgerows on soil nutrient loss in slopeland. Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation, 1999, 5(2): 23-29. (in Chinese)

[8]马馄, 王兆寨, 陈欣, 尤力. 不同雨强条件下红壤坡地养分流失特征研究. 水土保持学报, 2002, 16(3): 16-19.

Ma K, Wang Z Q, Chen X, You L. Study on properties of nutrient loss from red soil in sloping land under different rainfall intensities. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2002, 16(3): 16-19. (in Chinese)

[9]郄瑞卿, 孙彦君, 王继红, 窦森. 不同利用方式及施肥对黑土地表磷素养分流失的影响. 土壤通报, 2006, 34(4): 701-705.

Qie R Q, Sun Y J, Wang J H, Dou S. Effect of P application and land use manners on P loss from surface soil of phaeoz. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 34(4): 701-705. (in Chinese)

[10]Wang Y Q, Zhang X C, Huang C Q. Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus under different land uses in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau, China. Geoderma, 2009, 150: 141-149.

[11]高超, 朱继业, 朱建国, 宝川靖和, 王登峰, 周娟娟, 高翔, 窦贻俭.不同土地利用方式下的地表径流磷输出及其季节性分布特征. 环境科学学报, 2005, 25(11): 1543-1549.

Gao C, Zhu J Y, Zhu J G, Bao C J H, Wang D F, Zhou J J,Gao X, Dou Y J. Phosphorus exports via overland runoff under different land uses and their seasonal pattern. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(11): 1543-1549. (in Chinese)

[12]王洪杰, 李宪文, 史学正, 于东升. 不同土地利用方式下土壤养分的分布及其与土壤颗粒组成关系. 水土保持学报, 2003, 17(2): 44-50.

Wang H J, Li X W, Shi X Z, Yu D S. Distribution of soil nutrient under different land use and relationship between soil nutrient and soil granule composition. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003, 17(2): 44-50. (in Chinese)

[13]Kleinman P, Sharpley A, Saporito L. Budal A, Bryant R. Application of manure to no-till soils: phosphorus losses by sub-surface and pathways. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2009, 84: 215-277.

[14]Basic F, Kisic I, Mesic M, Nestroy O, Butorac C. Tillage and crop management effects on soil erosion in central Croatia. Soil and Tillage Research, 2004, 78: 197-206.

[15]江才伦, 彭良志, 曹立, 淳长品, 凌丽俐. 三峡库区紫色土坡地柑橘园不同耕作方式的水土流失研究. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(4): 26-31.

Jiang C L, Peng L Z, Cao L, Chun C P, Ling L L. Correlation between farming methods and soil erosion in the purple soil slope of citrus orchard in the three gorges reservoir area. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(4): 26-31. (in Chinese)

[16]陶春. 耕作方式对三峡库区旱坡地氮、磷流失的影响研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2010.

Tao C. Impact of tillage measures on nitrogen and phosphorus losses of sloping upland in three gorges reservoir area[D], Chongqing: Southwest University, 2010. (in Chinese)

[17]杨皓宇, 赵小蓉, 曾祥忠, 蒲波, 王昌桃. 不同农作制对四川紫色丘陵区地表径流氮、磷流失的影响. 生态环境学报, 2009, 18(6): 2344-2348.

Yang H Y, Zhao X R, Zeng X Z, Pu B, Wang C T. Effects of different farming systems on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from surface runoff in purple hilly region in Sichuan. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2009, 18(6): 2344-2348. (in Chinese)

[18]何晓玲, 郑子成, 李廷轩. 玉米种植下紫色坡耕地径流中磷素流失特征研究. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(12): 2429-2438.

He X L, Zheng Z C, Li T X. Phosphorus loss via runoff from sloping cropland of purple soil under corn planting. Journal of Agro-Environment science, 2012, 31(12): 2429-2438. (in Chinese)

[19]林代杰, 郑子成, 张锡洲, 李廷轩, 王永东. 玉米植株对降雨再分配过程的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(12): 2608-2615.

Lin D J, Zheng Z C, Zhang X Z, Li T X, Wang Y D. Study on the effect of maize plants on rainfall redistribution processes. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(12): 2608-2615. (in Chinese)

[20]马波, 吴发启, 陈宇, 马璠. 玉米不同生育期茎秆流特征及其模型构建. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(1): 118-123.

Ma B, Wu F Q, Chen Y, Ma P. Characteristic and model building of stem flow of corn plant in different growth stages. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agriculture Engineering, 2011, 27(1): 118-123. (in Chinese)

[21]郑子成, 林代杰, 李廷轩, 何淑勤, 张锡洲, 林超文. 不同耕作方式下成熟期玉米对径流及侵蚀产沙的影响. 水土保持学报, 2012, 26(2): 24-28.

Zheng Z C, Lin D J, Li T X, He S Q, Zhang X Z, Lin C W. Effect of maize in maturity stage on runoff and sediment yield under different tillage practices. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 26(2): 24-28. (in Chinese)

[22]付斌, 胡万里, 屈明, 段宗颜, 刘宏斌. 不同农作措施对云南红壤坡耕地径流调控研究. 水土保持学报, 2009, 23(1): 17-20.

Fu B, Hu W L, Qu M, Duan Z Y, Liu H B. Research on runof f regulation under different farming measures from red soil slope field in Yunnan. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 23(1): 17-20. (in Chinese)

[23]黄丽, 丁树文, 董舟, 蔡强国, 张光远. 三峡库区紫色土养分流失的试验研究. 土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 1998, 4(1): 8-13, 21.

Huang L, Ding S W, Dong Z, Cai Q G, Zhang G Y. Study on nutrient losses of purple soil in three gorges reservoir region. Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation, 1998, 4(1): 8-13, 21. (in Chinese)

[24]傅涛, 倪九派, 魏朝富, 谢德体. 不同雨强和坡度条件下紫色土养分流失规律研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2003, 9(1): 71-74.

Fu T, Ni J P, Wei C F, Xie D T. Research on the nutrient loss from purple soil under different rainfall intensities and slopes. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2003, 9(1): 71-74. (in Chinese)

[25]林超文, 庞良玉, 陈一兵, 涂仕华, 李浩. 不同耕作方式和雨强对紫色土坡耕地降雨有效性的影响. 生态环境, 2008, 17(3): 1257-1261.

Lin C W, Pang L Y, Chen Y B, Tu S H, Li H. Effect of different cultivation methods and rain intensity on rain efficiency in purple soil area. Ecology and Environment, 2008, 17(3): 1257-1261. (in Chinese)

[26]袁东海, 王兆骞, 陈欣, 郭新波, 张如良. 红壤小流域不同利用方式氮磷流失特征研究. 生态学报, 2003, 23(1): 188-198.

Yuan D H, Wang Z Q, Chen X, Guo X B, Zhang R L. Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus under different land use pat-terns in small red soil watershed. Acta Ecology Sinica, 2003, 23(1): 188-198. (in Chinese)

[27]徐畅, 谢德体, 高明, 陶春, 余泺. 三峡库区小流域旱坡地氮磷流失特征研究. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(1): 1-5, 10.

Xu C, Xie D T, Gao M, Tao C, Yu L. Study on the nitrogen and phosphorus loss characteristics from sloping uplands in small watershed of three gorges reservoir region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(1): 1-5, 10. (in Chinese)

[28]Paula M, Helinä H, Laura A. Effect of soil structure disturbance on erosion and phosphorus losses from Finnish clay soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 2009, 103: 84-91.